Search results for " EXPRESSION"
showing 10 items of 4731 documents
Seasonal cardenolide production and Dop5βr gene expression in natural populations of Digitalis obscura
2004
Productivity variations and seasonal fluctuations of cardenolides have been studied in 10 natural populations of Digitalis obscura distributed in three bioclimatic belts. Main cardenolides in D. obscura plants are those of the series A and such predominance (ca. 80-85%) over the series B metabolites is independent of the population studied or the degree of maturity of the leaves. Primary glycosides represent ca. 50-60% of total cardenolides; this percentage did not vary among populations or with the leaf age but increased in summer and decreased in winter. A correlation analysis between plant biomass and cardenolide content showed a positive relationship of these parameters, which, accordin…
Toxicity induced by Gadolinium ions on sea urchin embryos: comparison among phylogenetically distant species and focus on stress response and skeleto…
2016
Pharmaceuticals are a class of emerging environmental contaminants. Gadolinium (Gd) is a lanthanide metal whose chelates are employed as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, and subsequently released into the aquatic environment. We investigated the effects of exposure to sublethal Gd concentrations on the development of four phylogenetically and geographically distant sea urchin species: two Mediterranean, Paracentrotus lividus and Arbacia lixula, and two from Australia, Heliocidaris tuberculata and Centrostephanus rodgersii. Sensitivity to Gd greatly varied, with EC50 ranging from 56 nM to 132 µM across the four species. Measures of the Gd and Ca content inside embryos showed a…
Developmental abnormalities induced by Gadolinium causes a time-dependent miss-expression of regulative and structural genes in P. lividus sea urchin…
2015
Gadolinium (Gd) is a metal of the lanthanide series of the elements whose chelates are commonly used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Its release into the aquatic milieu has posed serious concerns regarding its noxious effects, and therefore Gd is now considered an emerging environmental pollutant. The sea urchin embryo is an excellent model used in both toxicological and developmental research. We analysed the consequences of embryo exposure to sublethal concentrations of Gd on embryo development, focusing on skeletogenesis and developmental symmetry. We observed a strong inhibition of skeleton growth, frequently displayed by an asymmetrical pattern. Continuous exposure t…
Raloxifene increases proliferation of human endothelial cells in association with increased gene expression of cyclins A and B1.
2006
Objective To examine the proliferative effect of of raloxifene on human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to investigate whether there is an associated increased expression of some key regulators of the cell cycle. Design Cell culture for different incubation times. Setting University research laboratory. Patient(s) Sources of HUVECs. Intervention(s) Measurement of cell proliferation, of protein levels of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, and p27 Kip1 , and of messenger RNA expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, and p27 Kip1 . Main Outcome Measure(s) Cell proliferation was measured by the 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazol…
Characterization of aging-associated up-regulation of constitutive nuclear factor-kappa B binding activity.
2001
Changes occur in gene expression during aging in vivo and in replicative senescence in vitro, suggesting that aging can affect gene regulation. We have recently observed age-related changes in ubiquitously expressed, oxidative stress-responsive nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway during aging. Here we report a significant age-related increase in nuclear NF-kappa B binding activity together with increased protein levels of p52 and p65 components in rat liver. An additional, higher molecular weight protein band seen in their western blots suggests that their post-translational modification (but not phosphorylation) occurs in liver, which might affect their nuclear localization and bin…
Overexpression of apolipoprotein J in human fibroblasts protects against cytotoxicity and premature senescence induced by ethanol and tert-butylhydro…
2008
Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) exposed to subcytotoxic stresses under H2O2, tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), and ethanol (EtOH) undergo stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) characterized by many biomarkers of HDFs replicative senescence. Among these biomarkers are a growth arrest, an increase in the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, a senescent morphology, an overexpression of p21waf-1 and the subsequent inability to phosphorylate pRb, the presence of the common 4977-bp mitochondrial deletion, and an increase in the steady-state level of several senescence-associated genes such as apolipoprotein J (apo J). Apo J has been described as a survival gene against cytotoxic s…
Telomere length and cardiovascular disease
2010
SummaryTelomeres are structures composed of deoxyribonucleic acid repeats that protect the end of chromosomes, but shorten with each cell division. They have been the subject of many studies, particularly in the field of oncology, and more recently their role in the onset, development and prognosis of cardiovascular disease has generated considerable interest. It has already been shown that these structures may deteriorate at the beginning of the atherosclerotic process, in the onset and development of arterial hypertension or during myocardial infarction, in which their length may be a predictor of outcome. As telomere length by its nature is a marker of cell senescence, it is of particula…
Changes associated with aging and replicative senescence in the regulation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B.
1996
Both the aging of animals and the senescence of cultured cells involve an altered pattern of gene expression, suggesting changes in transcription factor regulation. We studied age-related changes in transcription factors nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, activator protein factor-1 (AP-1) and Sp-1 by using electrophoretic mobility shift binding assays; we also analysed changes in the protein components of NF-kappa B complex with Western blot assays. Nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts were prepared from heart, liver, kidney and brain of young adult and old NMRI mice and Wistar rats as well as from presenescent, senescent and simian virus 40-immortalized human WI-38 fibroblasts. Aging of both mice an…
Age-related changes in the regulation of transcription factor NF-kappa B in rat brain.
1997
Aging process involves an increase in stress at cellular level. We studied whether aging affects the regulation of stress responsive transcription factor NF-kappa B in brain samples of Wistar rats. Hippocampus, cerebellum, and temporal and frontal lobes of cortex were studied. We observed a significant up-regulation in the constitutive, nucleus-located NF-kappa B binding activity in 30-month-old Wistar rats compared to young and 18-month-old rats. The increase was most prominent in cerebellum and in frontal cortex, but age-related changes did not occur in hippocampus. Inducible, cytoplasmic NF-kappa B binding activity was not affected by aging in any of the samples studied. Western blot ass…
Network Pharmacology of Ginseng (Part II): The Differential Effects of Red Ginseng and Ginsenoside Rg5 in Cancer and Heart Diseases as Determined by …
2021
Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. is an adaptogenic plant traditionally used to enhance mental and physical capacities in cases of weakness, exhaustion, tiredness, or loss of concentration, and during recovery. According to ancient records, red ginseng root preparations enhance longevity with long-term intake. Recent pharmacokinetic studies of ginsenosides in humans and our in vitro study in neuronal cells suggest that ginsenosides are effective when their levels in blood is low—at concentrations from 10−6 to 10−18 M. In the present study, we compared the effects of red ginseng root preparation HRG80TM(HRG) at concentrations from 0.01 to 10,000 ng/mL with effects of white ginseng (WG) and purified gin…