Search results for " Eastern Europe"
showing 10 items of 30 documents
Cambios en el comercio exterior de los países del este. La difícil reinserción en Europa
1999
Changes in the foreign trade of the countries of the East. The difficult assimilation into Europe. The direction of the trading lines of the post-communist countries has been modified by the political and economical changes of the countries of the East of Europe, the dismantling of the COMECON, as well as by the disintegration of the USSR and the detente in the international relationships. During the forty years that the COMECON was prevailing, that region centred its attention on the USSR, but nowadays the East looiks at the West, concretaly at the European Union and more exactly at Germany. The composition of the imports and exports reveals the marked dependence on Central and Eastern Eur…
W drodze ku nowoczesności : dyplomacja publiczna jako narzędzie konsolidacji demokracji
2018
Przemiany zachodzące we współczesnych stosunkach międzynarodowych tworzą nową, dynamicznie zmieniającą się rzeczywistość. Dla państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, które od ponad 25 lat znajdują się na ścieżce demokratycznej transformacji, oznacza to szereg dylematów i wyzwań. Młode demokracje regionu muszą nie tylko dbać o dotychczasowy dorobek transformacji, ale przede wszystkim kontynuować proces konsolidacji systemu, będący jednym z najistotniejszych warunków nowoczesnego państwa. Szczególną rolę pełni w tym zakresie społeczeństwo obywatelskie, które rozwija się i umacnia m.in. dzięki dyplomacji publicznej. Ta ostatnia upodmiotowiła obywateli w polityce i dała im możliwość wywierania realn…
Study Regarding the Effects of Demographic Transition on Labor Market and Public Pension System in Central and Eastern Europe
2020
Abstract Population and the quality of labor force are the “strengths” features’ that ensure socio-economic development of a country. The last decades can be characterized as a transitional period, in which countries of European Union and especially the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are facing a demographic decline. Reduced birth rate, ageing and migration are factors’ which create a lot of pressure, both on labor market and public pension systems, items correlated with the population structure. In this paper we have presented the demographic situation and the size of migration in five countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The direct linkage between population structure, labor …
THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN EUROPE
2015
This paper deals with the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth in 10 countries of Eastern Europe. For this analysis we to use two regression models. The results of the first model provide information on the factors that influence economic growth. Thus, direct taxes, indirect taxes, total income taxes, social contributions and the economic crisis had an effect on economic growth. Of these variables, total taxable income had a positive effect and indirect taxes and social contributions had a direct negative effect on economic growth. In the second model, the analysis confirmed that a significant effect on economic growth have had other direct taxes, social contributions of the employer…
Exchange Rate Arrangements in Central and Eastern European Countries – Evolutions and Characteristics
2007
The process of choosing the exchange rate regime for the new EU member states has been influenced by other criteria than the traditional ones, which belong to macroeconomic criteria. This paper make a comparative analyze of the exchange rate arrangements in Central and Eastern European after 1990. These arrangements are dynamic on the one hand due to their permanent diversification and on the other hand because the values established this way are rapidly changing. In essence, they differ according to the degree of flexibility adopted when the exchange rate is established: from more rigid forms – currency board or pegging the currency to a foreign currency – to free floating.
Impact of organisational practices and language on an international business cooperation : the case of a German-Slovakian corporation
2015
In the course of the EU integration process, Slovakia became a target of choice for German investors. The percentage of German foreign direct investment has increased sharply since 1995. A growing number of German small to medium sized enterprises discover Slovakia as profitable location for outsourcing and offshoring. However, little is known about German-Slovakian corporations and expatriate management in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to get an understanding of the impact of organisational culture and language on one specific case of a German-Slovakian business cooperation. During the study, the research question is divided into three sub-questions: How is the organisational culture c…
Polak Europejczyk z obawami
2017
„Polak Europejczyk z obawami” to tytuł artykułu na temat stopnia zakorzenienia poczucia tożsamości europejskiej w społeczeństwie polskim i szerzej w społeczeństwach Europy środkowo-wschodniej. Poczucie tożsamości europejskiej, opierające się na fundamencie dziedzictwa cywilizacyjnego, musi stanowić spoiwo, które pomoże połączyć państwa i narody w harmonijną całość. To zadanie dla ponad pięćsetmilionowej społeczności europejskiej, to zadanie dla każdego z nas – Europejczyka. Na ile Polacy czują się Europejczykami, utożsamiają ze wspólną polityką europejską, to pytania warte naukowej dyskusji. Gdzie tkwią przyczyny rodzących się napięć, odżywania nacjonalizmów i kompleksów wynikających z nieu…
Interest Representation Preconditions in Illiberal Poland and Hungary
2022
Poland and Hungary have been widely recognised as countries affected by illiberalism. This has undoubtedly created a challenging environment for interest groups; groups which are a touchstone for the quality of democratic processes. In this article, we aim to understand how preconditions for interest representation have changed due to illiberal drift through the eyes of interest groups operating in these two selected post-communist countries. In order to examine their perception of opportunity structures, interaction infrastructure as well as the level of political coordination under the new circumstances, we rely on quantitative research in the form of a survey carried out among interest g…
Financial Performance of Mandatory Private Pension Funds in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. A Comparative Study Between Romania and Slovakia
2020
Decreased birth rate and aging population represent a treat to PAYG public pension systems implemented in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, due to the fact that the financing is direct dependent of the social contributions payed by the taxpayers active on labor market. As solution, World Bank promotes the diversification of funding sources for pension systems and a multi-pillar structure that includes privately managed pension funds. The purpose of this paper is to present how the multi-pillar structure was implemented in Romania and Slovakia, focusing on the evolution and performance of mandatory private pension funds. The main conclusion of this article highlights that in the curre…
The reasons why the leaders of political parties are replaced. The Polish case
2015
Artykuł podejmuje kwestię przyczyn zmian przywódców w polskich partiach politycznych. Pod uwagę wzięto dwa główne czynniki, które – zgodnie z przyjętymi w środowisku naukowym poglądami – w sposób decydujący warunkują czas trwania na stanowisku. Po pierwsze, przeprowadzono analizę formalnych procedur związanych z odwoływaniem liderów partii politycznych zawartych w statutach partyjnych. Po drugie, przedstawiono wpływ wyniku wyborczego (uzyskane głosy i fakt zawiązania bądź nie koalicji gabinetowej) na zdolność liderów do utrzymania się na stanowisku. Analiza objęła partie polityczne, które uzyskały mandaty w wyborach do Sejmu przeprowadzonychw2011 r., a więc Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Platformę…