Search results for " Economic Growth"
showing 10 items of 302 documents
Do debt crises boost financial reforms?
2014
"Published online: 15 Aug. 2014"
Education and working life: VET adults' problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments
2015
The rapidly-advancing technological landscape in the European workplace is challenging adults' problem-solving skills. Workers with vocational education and training need flexible abilities to solve problems in technology-rich work settings. This study builds on Finnish PIAAC data to understand adults' (N?=?4503) skills for solving problems in technology-rich environments. The results indicate the critical issue that more than two thirds of adults with vocational education and training have weak skills or lack the skills in solving problems in technology-rich environments and that more than one fifth of these adults are at risk. Furthermore, this study indicates that the likelihood of havin…
Early life conditions and later life inequality in health
2013
Abstract Prenatal exposure to adverse conditions is known to affect health throughout the life span. It has also been shown that health is unevenly distributed at advanced ages. This chapter investigates whether health inequalities at old age may be partially caused by prenatal circumstances. We use a sample of people aged 71–91 from eight European countries and assess how shocks in GDP that occurred while the respondents were still in utero affect four important dimensions of later-life health: cognition, depression, functional limitations, and grip strength. We find that early-life macro-economic circumstances do not affect health at advanced ages, nor do they affect inequalities in healt…
Alliance formation as growth opportunity for non-publicly traded companies: a value-added service provided by private equity investors
2016
We analyze the role of Private Equity firms (PE-Firms) as a governance mechanism, focusing on their role as social intermediaries, helping their portfolio companies to form alliances and thereby spurring entrepreneurial growth. Alliances as long term inter-firm cooperations are considered to be a main source of firm-innovation. External growth via alliances is especially important for small to medium sized companies (SME) – largely dominant in Europe (up to 99%)–, because their internal resources are limited. Since a few years, these facts lead governments to undertake actions aimed to create environments that boost inter-firm linkages and entrepreneurial clusters. In European countries, su…
The Impact of Government Spending on the Private Sector: Crowding-Out versus Crowding-In Effects
2009
The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of government spending on the private sector, assessing the existence of crowding-out versus crowding-in effects. Using a panel of 145 countries from 1960 to 2007, the results suggest that government spending produces important crowding-out effects, by negatively affecting both private consumption and investment. Moreover, while the effects do not seem to depend on the different phases of economic cycle, they vary considerably among regions. The results are economically and statistically significant, and robust to several econometric techniques.
Biomarkers and Long-Term Labour Market Outcomes: The Case of Creatine
2014
I evaluate the impact of the UK Working Time Regulations 1998, which introduced mandatory paid holiday entitlement. The regulation gave (nearly) all workers the right to a minimum of 4 weeks of paid holiday per a year. With constant weekly pay this change amounts effectively to an increase in the real hourly wage of about 8.5% for someone going from 0 to 4 weeks paid holiday per year, which should lead to adjustments in employment. For employees I use complementary log-log regression to account for right-censoring of employment spells. I find no increase in the hazard to exit employment within a year after treatment. Adjustments in wages cannot explain this result as they are increasing for…
The poor man’s goldmine? : Career paths in Swedish and Finnish merchant shipping, c. 1840–1950
2017
This article analyses the career paths of Swedish and Finnish sailors from the mid-19th to the mid-20th century. The article shows that, for the most of the men, the seaman’s occupation was just a passing phase before taking up a job on shore, but many of them also created a longlasting and advancing career by going to sea. There was not necessarily, however, a clear distinction between job opportunities at sea and those on shore in those days: men worked both at sea and on shore. We therefore argue that an individual’s advancement in a maritime career was a context-specific socio-economic phenomenon. In Scandinavia, work on board ships was dependent on features that characterized the divis…
La campagne française contre la guerre du Maroc ou le difficile apprentissage de la bolchévisation (1924-1926)
2020
National audience; Quand en 1925 la France intervient contre la République rifaine au Maroc, aux côtés des Espagnols, le mouvement communiste entame une vaste campagne d’agitation. Activant les ressorts de l’antimilitarisme, de l’anticolonialisme, de l’anti-impérialisme, et donnant l’occasion de mettre en application le front unique entre le Parti communiste, la CGTU et les organisations socialistes et réformistes, ce mouvement trouve son point d’orgue avec le déclenchement de la grève générale du 12 octobre 1925. Première expérience à grande échelle de mise en pratique des nouveaux principes qui accompagnent la bolchevisation de la galaxie des organisations communistes, les archives nouvel…
Tackling Market Failure or Building a Cartel? Creation of an Investment Regulation System in Finnish Forest Industries
2015
Government intervention in the economy is often justified by the need to correct market failures. This study analyzes one case, the investments of Finnish forest industries, in which, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, both policy makers and the trade association representing the sector reasoned that intervention was particularly necessary because otherwise, the only substantial natural resource in the small country would be overexploited. In the long run, however, the growth of forest resources turned out to be higher, and the demand for wood lower, than expected. Furthermore, the most influential industrialists managed to “capture” the regulatory system and make it a component of their ne…
When Aiyagari meets Piketty: Growth, Inequality and Capital Shares
2021
We incorporate the division of income between capital and labor into analysis on the relationship between inequality and growth. Using historical data, we document that changes in the top 1 % income shares are positively associated with subsequent growth of per capita GDP when the capital share of income is low, whereas under high capital share, the association is negative. We show that these findings are compatible with a theoretical analysis that emphasises how changes in the distribution of income translate into the accumulation of capital and overall economic activity through the interplay between precautionary saving motives and consumption smoothing. We also investigate how accounting…