Search results for " Ecosystem"

Loss in microbial diversity affects nitrogen cycling in soil

2013

International audience; Microbial communities have a central role in ecosystem processes by driving the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the importance of microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning is still debated. Here, we experimentally manipulated the soil microbial community using a dilution approach to analyze the functional consequences of diversity loss. A trait-centered approach was embraced using the denitrifiers as model guild due to their role in nitrogen cycling, a major ecosystem service. How various diversity metrics related to richness, eveness and phylogenetic diversity of the soil denitrifier community were affected by the removal experiment was assessed by 454 s…

Millennial-scale terrestrial ecosystem responses to Upper Pleistocene climatic changes: 4D-reconstruction of the Schwalbenberg Loess-Palaeosol-Sequen…

2021

Abstract Loess-Palaeosol-Sequences (LPS) in the Central European region provide outstanding terrestrial polygenetic and multiphase archives responding to past climate and environments over various spatial and temporal scales. As yet, however, the geomorphological and pedogenic processes involved in LPS formation, and their interplay with changes in ecological conditions, impede robust correlation with other palaeoenvironmental archives. The Schwalbenberg LPS, which drape a hillslope in the Middle Rhine Valley in western Central Europe, provide unique high-resolution records highly suitable for investigating the processes involved in their formation and the relationship to climatic influence…

Paris Biota: At the dawn of modern marine faunas?

2021

Ecosystèmes microbiens : Une diversité au service de la santé digestive et de l’environnement

2021

Analyse multi-échelles de compromis entre services écosystémiques fournis par la flore adventice

2018

National audience; Les adventices, étant à la base des réseaux trophiques, jouent un rôle important dans les processus biologiques mis en avant en agroécologie. Cependant, elles sont également en compétition avec les cultures, il est donc important de s’intéresser aux compromis entre les services et diservices qu’elles fournissent. Pour cela, nous allons nous intéresser au suivi d’une plateforme paysagère, regroupant près de 150 parcelles contiguës de grandes cultures. Un suivi des pratiques agricoles ainsi que des relevés de flore à l’interface et à l’intérieur de la parcelle y sont réalisés depuis 2008. Les services/diservices fournis par les commuanutés observées peuvent ensuite être dét…

Actor engagement as a base for value co-creation in service ecosystem : case study of future electricity demand-side response service for households

2019

This thesis focuses on exploring the value co-creation in the future electricity demand-side response (DSR) service for households. DSR service is implemented as a cloud service, where high-power home appliances are switched off, if there are consumption overload in the power grid and the flexibility is needed. The service is necessary, especially when the use of electric cars increases. As electricity consumption is expected to increase, it creates challenges for electricity network capacity. Increased production in the near future, as well as moving towards more carbon-neutral production mode, will increase the challenges for the adequacy of electricity. With this service, it is possible …

Preface: Emerging trends in aquatic ecology III

2020

Humans have never faced such major threats to their homes as they are experiencing now. Despite several global initiatives to ameliorate environmental problems, to preserve biodiversity and to alleviate poverty, these major threats are far from being resolved. According to a recent survey conducted by Ripple et al. (2017) and signed by 15,364 scientists of 184 countries, several indicators of environmental health are still worsening significantly. For example, along with the continuing increase of atmospheric CO2 and global temperatures (the threats best known by the general public as ‘‘climate change’’), there are still steep increases in atmospheric concentrations of methane and nitrous o…

Un passo avanti e un passo indietro nell’Antropocene: Rights for Ecosystem Services, comunità locali e REDD

2019

L’autrice del libro When Rights Embrace Responsibilities. Biocultural Rights and Conservation of the Environment risponde ad alcune delle questioni sollevate da Francesco Viola e Gianfrancesco Zanetti nelle loro recensioni, pubblicate in questo numero della rivista. L’autrice si sofferma inoltre su alcuni temi discussi nel libro che richiedono ulteriori approfondimenti e su possibili sviluppi del concetto di diritti bioculturali. The author of the book When Rights Embrace Responsibilities. Biocultural Rights and Conservation of the Environment replies to the comments raised by Francesco Viola and Gianfrancesco Zanetti in the present journal issue. She also dwells on some topics of her book …

Trophic role of marbled crayfish in a lentic freshwater ecosystem

2019

Species’ introductions may cause severe adverse effects on freshwater ecosystems and their biota. The marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis Lyko, 2017, is an invasive parthenogenetically reproducing crayfish with rapid reproduction, maturation and tolerance to a wide range of environmental conditions, which was introduced to many sites across Europe during the last decade. Due to its recent speciation and limited number of field studies, the knowledge of trophic interactions of the marbled crayfish in freshwater food webs is scarce. An invaded area located in Central Europe was studied to identify the marbled crayfish food web interactions using analysis of carbon 13 C and nitrogen 15N i…

A validated bioenergetics model for ruffeGymnocephalus cernuusand its application to a northern lake

2008

A bioenergetics model was constructed for ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus, and the model was used to estimate the food consumption of a native G. cernuus stock in Pyhajarvi, a large mesotrophic lake in south-west Finland. The parameters for the bioenergetics model were determined through laboratory experiments conducted at several temperatures between 5 and 22° C for different sized G. cernuus (from 6 to 27 g). The model was verified and validated with independent laboratory growth experiments. The validated model was applied to field data from Pyhajarvi to estimate the food consumption of G. cernuus and its effects on the zoobenthos community during the years 2002–2004. The total annual food c…