Search results for " Effective"
showing 10 items of 380 documents
Cation Environment of BaCeO3−Based Protonic Conductors II: New Computational Models
2011
Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to simulate Y-doped BaCeO(3) derivatives. Hartree-Fock energy functional was used to study octahedral site environments embedded in a Pmcn orthorhombic framework, showing local arrangement characterized by Ce-O-Ce, Ce-O-Y, and Y-O-Y (Z-O-Ξ) configurations and including or not hydrogen close to the moieties encompassing those configurations. The latter are, in fact, representative of - and, in our modeling approach, were treated as - local arrangements that could be found in Y:BaCeO(3)-doped materials. The geometrical optimizations performed on the structural models and a detailed orbital analysis of these systems allowed us to confirm and …
Characterization of PTW-31015 PinPoint ionization chambers in photon and proton beams
2018
The increased use of complex forms of radiotherapy using small-field photon and proton beams has invoked a growing interest in the use of micro-ionization chambers. In this study, 48 PTW-TM31015 PinPoint-type micro-ionization chambers that are used in the commissioning and patient specific QA of a proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) delivery system have been characterized in proton and high-energy photon beams. In both beam modalities, the entire set of PinPoint chambers was characterized by imaging them, by evaluating their stability using check source measurements, by experimentally determining the ion recombination, polarity effect and by cross calibrating them in terms of absorbed dose to…
Phantom size in brachytherapy source dosimetric studies
2004
An important point to consider in a brachytherapy dosimetry study is the phantom size involved in calculations or experimental measurements. As pointed out by Williamson [Med. Phys. 18, 776-786 (1991)] this topic has a relevant influence on final dosimetric results. Presently, one-dimensional (1-D) algorithms and newly-developed 3-D correction algorithms are based on physics data that are obtained under full scatter conditions, i.e., assumed infinite phantom size. One can then assume that reference dose distributions in source dosimetry for photon brachytherapy should use an unbounded phantom size rather than phantom-like dimensions. Our aim in this paper is to study the effect of phantom s…
Sub-MeV dark matter and the Goldstone modes of superfluid helium
2019
We show how the relativistic effective field theory for the superfluid phase of helium-4 can replace the standard methods used to compute the production rates of low momentum excitations due to the interaction with an external probe. This is done by studying the scattering problem of a light dark matter particle in the superfluid, and comparing to some existing results. We show that the rate of emission of two phonons, the Goldstone modes of the effective theory, gets strongly suppressed for sub-MeV dark matter particles due to a fine cancellation between two different tree-level diagrams in the limit of small exchanged momenta. This phenomenon is found to be a consequence of the particular…
Nonperturbative effects in semileptonicBcdecays
2001
We discuss the impact of the soft degrees of freedom inside the B_c meson on its rate in the semi-leptonic decay B_c -> X l nu_l where X denotes light hadrons below the D^0 threshold. In particular we identify contributions involving soft hadrons which are non-vanishing in the limit of massless leptons. These contributions become relevant for a measurement of the purely leptonic B_c decay rate, which due to helicity suppression involves a factor m_l^2 and thus is much smaller than the contributions involving soft hadrons.
Masses and decay constants of D(s)* and B(s)* mesons with Nf=2+1+1 twisted mass fermions
2017
We present a lattice calculation of the masses and decay constants of ${D}_{(s)}^{*}$ and ${B}_{(s)}^{*}$ mesons using the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC) with ${N}_{f}=2+1+1$ dynamical quarks at three values of the lattice spacing $a\ensuremath{\sim}(0.06\ensuremath{-}0.09)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$. Pion masses are simulated in the range ${M}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}\ensuremath{\simeq}(210--450)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$, while the strange and charm sea-quark masses are close to their physical values. We compute the ratios of vector to pseudoscalar masses and decay constants for various values of the heavy-quark mass ${m}_{h}$ in the range $0…
Measurement of theΛb0lifetime in the exclusive decayΛb0→J/ψΛ0inpp¯collisions ats=1.96 TeV
2012
We measure the Lambda_b^0 lifetime in the fully reconstructed decay Lambda_b^0 -> J/psi Lambda^0 using 10.4 fb^-1 of ppbar collisions collected with the D0 detector at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV. The lifetime of the topologically similar decay channel B^0 -> J/psi K^0_S is also measured. We obtain tau(Lambda_b^0) = 1.303 +- 0.075 (stat.) +- 0.035 (syst.) ps and tau(B^0) = 1.508 +- 0.025 (stat.) +- 0.043 (syst.) ps. Using these measurements, we determine the lifetime ratio of tau(Lambda_b^0)/tau(B^0) = 0.864 +- 0.052 (stat.) +- 0.033 (syst.).
Resolved Power Corrections to the Inclusive DecayB‾→Xsℓ+ℓ−
2017
We identify the correct power counting of all the variables in the low-q2 window of the inclusive decay B‾→Xs within the effective theory SCET if a hadronic mass cut is imposed. Furthermore we analyse the resolved power corrections at the order 1/mb in a systematic way. The resolved contributions – as a special feature – stay nonlocal when the hadronic mass cut is released. Thus, they represent an irreducible uncertainty independent of the hadronic mass cut.
Global fit to b → cτν transitions
2019
Abstract We perform a general model-independent analysis of $$ b\to c\tau {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$ b → cτ ν ¯ τ transitions, including measurements of ℛ D , ℛ D∗, their q 2 differential distributions, the recently measured longitudinal D* polarization $$ {F}_L^{D\ast } $$ F L D ∗ , and constraints from the $$ {B}_c\to \tau {\overline{\nu}}_{\tau } $$ B c → τ ν ¯ τ lifetime, each of which has significant impact on the fit. A global fit to a general set of Wilson coefficients of an effective low-energy Hamiltonian is presented, the solutions of which are interpreted in terms of hypothetical new-physics mediators. From the obtained results we predict selected $$ b\to c\tau {\overline{\nu}}_…
Massive Boson Production at Small qT in Soft-Collinear Effective Theory
2013
We study the differential cross sections for electroweak gauge-boson and Higgs production at small and very small transverse-momentum qT. Large logarithms are resummed using soft-collinear effective theory. The collinear anomaly generates a non-perturbative scale q⁎, which protects the processes from receiving large long-distance hadronic contributions. A numerical comparison of our predictions with data on the transverse-momentum distribution in Z-boson production at the Tevatron and LHC is given.