Search results for " Farm"

Effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine on the liver of high fat diet fed rats

2016

Experimental studies have highlighted that the administration of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) to rats fed diets rich in lipids induces a decrease of cholesterol and triglycerides plasma levels and body weight (BW) without inducing liver steatosis. On the basis of these observations we carried out some experimental <em>in vivo</em> studies to assess the effects of multiple high doses of T2 on the pituitary thyroid axis of rats fed diet rich in lipids. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of five animals each. The first group (N group) received standard diet, the second group was fed with a high fat diet (HFD group), while the third group (HFDT2 group) was additi…

Pharmaceutical Approaches to Target Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms

2017

There is urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to fight the global threat of antibiotic resistance. The focus of this Perspective is on chemical agents that target the most common mechanisms of antibiotic resistance such as enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics, changes in cell permeability, and induction/activation of efflux pumps. Here we assess the current landscape and challenges in the treatment of antibiotic resistance mechanisms at both bacterial cell and community levels. We also discuss the potential clinical application of chemical inhibitors of antibiotic resistance mechanisms as add-on treatments for serious drug-resistant infections. Enzymatic inhibitors, such as the deriv…

Identification of biological targets through the correlation between cell line chemosensitivity and protein expression pattern.

2021

Matching biological data sequences is one of the most interesting ways to discover new bioactive compounds. In particular, matching cell chemosensitivity with a protein expression profile can be a useful approach to predict the activity of compounds against definite biological targets. In this review, we discuss this correlation. First, we analyze case studies in which some known drugs, acting on known targets, show a good correlation between their antiproliferative activities and protein expression when a large panel of tumor cells is considered. Then, we highlight how the application of in silico methods based on the correlation between cell line chemosensitivity and gene/protein expressi…

Synthesis, antitumor activity and CDK1 inhibiton of new thiazole nortopsentin analogues

2017

A new series of thiazole nortopsentin analogues was conveniently synthesized with fair overall yields. The antiproliferative activity of the new derivatives was tested against different human tumor cell lines of the NCI full panel. Four of them showed good antitumor activity with GI(50) values from micro to nanomolar level. The mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of these derivatives, was pro-apoptotic, being associated with externalization of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine and DNA fragmentation. The most active and selective of the new thiazoles confined viable cells in G2/M phase and markedly inhibited in vitro CDK1 activity. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS.

The potential of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) inhibitors for treating lung cancer

2016

Abstract: Introduction: Molecular alterations in neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes have been identified in several solid tumors including lung cancer. Pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggested their potential role as oncogenic drivers and predictive biomarkers for targeted inhibition, leading to the clinical development of a new class of compounds blocking the NTRK molecular pathway, which are currently undner early clinical investigation. Area covered: This review describes the biology of the NTRK pathway and its molecular alterations in lung cancer. It focuses on the pre-clinical and clinical development of emerging NTRK inhibitors, which have shown very promising activity in e…

Potential Therapeutic Applications of MDA-9/Syntenin-NF-κB-RKIP Loop in Human Liver Carcinoma

2019

Background Overexpression of MDA-9/Syntenin occurs in multiple human cancer cell lines and is associated with higher grade of tumor classification, invasiveness and metastasis. In some cases, its role in cancer biology depends on relationships between MDA-9/Syntenin and NF-κB. Objective This study aims to analyze the presence of a regulation loop like that between MDA-9/Syntenin - NF-κB - RKIP in human liver carcinoma. Methods Transient transfection was performed with siRNA anti-MDA-9/Syntenin. Expression of different factors was evaluated by Real time-PCR and Western blotting, while NF-κB activation by TransAM assay. Invasion capacity was analyzed by Matrigel Invasion Assay and the effects…

The genomic history of Southern Europe

2018

Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7th millennium BCE - brought by migrants from Anatolia who settled in the region before spreading throughout Europe. However, the dynamics of the interaction between the first farmers and the indigenous hunter-gatherers remain poorly understood because of the near absence of ancient DNA from the region. We report new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 204 individuals-65 Paleolithic and Mesolithic, 93 Neolithic, and 46 Copper, Bronze and Iron Age-who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between about 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document that the hunter-gatherer populations of southeastern Europe, the Baltic, and the Nor…

On the role of cystatin C in cancer progression

2018

Cystatin C (Cyst C) is an endogenous inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteinases, which has been shown to play a role in several normal and pathological processes. Interestingly, a growing number of experimental and clinical studies suggest that this inhibitor also appears to be implicated in the malignant progression of various human tumors. However, the role of Cyst C in malignant diseases is still controversial as these studies have highlighted that this protein may function either as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. The specific mechanisms underlying these opposing effects at present remain murky and are the subject of many current investigations. On the other hand, a complete knowle…

Eighteen-Year Farming Management Moderately Shapes the Soil Microbial Community Structure but Promotes Habitat-Specific Taxa

2018

Soil microbes have critical influence on the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems, yet the magnitude and direction to which management practices affect the soil microbial community remain unclear. This work aimed to examine the impacts of three farming systems, conventional grain cropping (CON), organic grain cropping (ORG), and grain cropping-pasture rotation (ICL), on the soil microbial community structure and putative gene abundances of N transformations using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene and ITS sequencing approaches. Two additional systems, a forest plantation (PF) and an abandoned agricultural field subject to natural succession (SUC), were also included for bet…

2019

Aquaculture production has increased tremendously during the last decades, and new techniques have been developed, e.g., recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). In RAS, the majority of water volume is circulated via mechanical and biological filters and reused in the tanks. However, the prevention and treatment of diseases in these systems are challenging, as the pathogens spread throughout the system, and the addition of chemicals and antibiotics disrupts the microbiome of the biofilters. The increasing antibiotic resistance has made phage therapy a relevant alternative for antibiotics in food production. Indeed, as host-specific and self-replicating agent they might be optimal for target…