Search results for " Fat"
showing 10 items of 2011 documents
Perilipin polymorphism interacts with saturated fat and carbohydrates to modulate insulin resistance
2010
Macronutrient intakes and genetic variants have been shown to interact to alter the risk of insulin resistance, but replication of gene-nutrient interactions across independent populations may be difficult to achieve. Saturated fat and carbohydrate were previously shown to interact with genotype for insulin resistance for a variant of perilipin (PLIN), the major adipocyte-associated protein and a regulator of adipocyte metabolism. We investigated the same interaction for PLIN 11482G>A (rs894160) on insulin resistance in US men(n=462) and women(n=508) (mean ±SD, 49±16 years). In multivariate linear regression models, we found a significant (PA for HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment of ins…
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids may increase plasma LDL-cholesterol and plasma cholesterol concentrations in carriers of an ABCG1 gene single nuc…
2011
Abstract Background ABCG1 mediates cellular cholesterol transport, but there is very little known about the influence of ABCG1 polymorphisms on human plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations or on the interactions of these polymorphisms with diet. Objective Our objective was to investigate whether interactions between PUFA intake and ABCG1 polymorphisms modulate associations with plasma total cholesterol (TC), LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in two Spanish populations. Methods We grounded our investigation on two general population-based studies: the Hortega study (population A) and the Pizarra study (population B). Participants included 1178 individuals (50.0% women, age range 21–85 years) a…
Genetic Variation at the ApoA-IV Gene Locus and Response to Diet in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
1998
Abstract —Plasma lipid response to dietary fat and cholesterol is, in part, genetically controlled. The apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV protein; APOA4, gene) has been shown to influence the response to dietary changes in normolipidemic individuals. The response to diet in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is also variable, and no studies are available on the influence of APOA4 mutations on dietary response in these subjects. We studied the effect of 2 common apoA-IV genetic variants (Gln 360 →His and Thr 347 →Ser) on the lipid response to the National Cholesterol Education Program type I (NCEP-I) diet in 67 FH heterozygotes (43 women and 24 men). Subjects were studied at baseli…
Nutrient intake of endurance runners with ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet and regular western diet
1994
During an endurance run (1,000 km in 20 days) it was investigated whether an ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet (OLVD) could cover the nutritional requirements of endurance athletes. A regular western diet (RWD) was used as reference. Both diets were offered with an energy content of 4,500 kcal per day and an energy percentage of carbohydrate:fat:protein of 60:30:10. The runners were divided into two dietary groups according to their usual dietary habits. The results of the 55 participants who completed the race show that runners from both groups had the same intake of energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein. Runners of the OLVD group consumed more dietary fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids as well…
Job Satisfaction and Cortisol Awakening Response in Teachers Scoring high and low on Burnout
2010
The burnout syndrome is an important psychosocial risk in the job context, especially in professions with a strong social interaction, as in the case of teaching. High levels of burnout have been related to negative psychological indicators and hormonal alterations. This study compares job satisfaction and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in teachers scoring high (HB) and low (LB) on burnout. HB teachers showed lower job satisfaction and no significant differences in the CAR when compared with the LB group. The results of the study suggest a general dissatisfaction with work along with a different functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in HB teachers. Although non…
Separate and Combined Effects of a Benzodiazepine (Alprazolam) and Noise on Auditory Brainstem Responses in Man
1999
Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded in 60 male or female, anxious or anxiety-free university students, before and after separated or simultaneous intake of alprazolam and exposure to noise. A significant increase of the latencies of the ABRs was found when subjects took alprazolam. This effect is consistent with the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of the neurotransmitters at terminals of cochlear efferent fibres A significant increase of the latencies was observed after noise alone. In subjects taking alprazolam when they are exposed to noise, the effect of noise on the ABR latencies is reduced, but not abolished. The effects of alprazolam on the ABR are consis…
Neomuscular fatigue to power loading using a weight-stack device fitted with or without additional rubber band resistance
2014
The addition of a rubber band (RB) to traditional weight-based resistance may be beneficial regarding the deceleration phase common during explosive power actions with light weights. This would lead to greater force and muscle activity during the latter part of the movement, but this may influence the distribution of neuromuscular fatigue. Fifteen men performed 2 knee extension power loadings (5 × 5 × 40% of 1 repetition maximum [1RM]) using a typical weight-stack device without (WS) and with the addition of a RB (WS + RB) in a crossover design. Concentric contractions were performed as fast as possible, and analyzed for torque, velocity, power, and vastus lateralis and medialis surface ele…
Neuromuscular responses to different resistance loading protocols using pneumatic and weight stack devices
2013
The purpose of this study was to examine single repetition characteristics and acute neuromuscular responses to typical hypertrophic (HL), maximal strength (MSL), and power (PL) loadings performed with two of the most common resistance modes; pneumatic and weight stack. Acute responses were assessed by measuring maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), corresponding quadriceps-EMG and resting and superimposed twitch torques. Activation level was calculated from the twitch torques. Decreases in MVC were greater during HL and MSL than during PL. During HL, resting twitch force decreased 8% (P < 0.05) more on the weight stack than on the pneumatic device. Furthermore, loading using the weight stac…
Validation of a short questionnaire to qualitatively assess the intake of total fat, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cho…
2003
Background To validate a self-administered 20-item short questionnaire (SQ) for classifying individuals according to their intake of total fat, saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), as well as cholesterol. Methods The SQ was sent to a randomly selected subsample of 300 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) in Heidelberg. The SQ was sent back by 244 participants (52.5% women, 47.5% men). Intake of total fat, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, and cholesterol was calculated from a 148-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The intake was compared with the scores computed from the SQ. Results Spearman's correlation…
An emergent infectious disease: Clostridioides difficile infection hospitalizations, 10-year trend in Sicily
2021
Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea worldwide and C. difficile infection is an emerging infectious disease. In the US, its rates are monitored trough an active surveillance system, but many European Union member states still lack this, and in Italy no epidemiological data on C. difficile infection are available except for a few single-centre data. Aim To provide data on the C. difficile infection incidence in Sicily (the biggest and 5th most populous region of Italy) during a 10-year period. Methods We revised all the regional standardized discharge forms between 2009 and June 2019 using the code ICD-9 00845 of the Interna…