Search results for " Freedom"
showing 10 items of 346 documents
Protection of the right to freedom of assembly and association under ECHR: compliance difficulties in Azerbaijan
2018
The protection of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association under the ECHR and compliance difficulties in Azerbaijan, regarding these rights are discussed in this master thesis. The protection of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association is one of the critical elements for the development of democracy, and these rights are protected by international documents such as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (hereinafter referred as the European Convention on Human Rights or the ECHR). Furthermore, the protection of these rights at national level must be compatible with the standards of the Council of Europe. The impo…
Modeling of biomolecular machines in non-equilibrium steady states
2021
Numerical computations have become a pillar of all modern quantitative sciences. Any computation involves modeling--even if often this step is not made explicit--and any model has to neglect details while still being physically accurate. Equilibrium statistical mechanics guides both the development of models and numerical methods for dynamics obeying detailed balance. For systems driven away from thermal equilibrium such a universal theoretical framework is missing. For a restricted class of driven systems governed by Markov dynamics and local detailed balance, stochastic thermodynamics has evolved to fill this gap and to provide fundamental constraints and guiding principles. The next step…
Improving the QM/MM Description of Chemical Processes: A Dual Level Strategy To Explore the Potential Energy Surface in Very Large Systems.
2005
Potential energy surfaces are fundamental tools for the analysis of reaction mechanisms. The accuracy of these surfaces for reactions in very large systems is often limited by the size of the system even if hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) strategies are employed. The large number of degrees of freedom of the system requires hundreds or even thousands of optimization steps to reach convergence. Reactions in condensed media (such as enzymes or solutions) are thus usually restricted to be analyzed using low level quantum mechanical methods, thus introducing a source of error in the description of the QM region. In this paper, an alternative method is proposed, coupled to t…
Modelling of thermo-chemical properties over the sub-solidus MgO–FeO binary, as a function of iron spin configuration, composition and temperature
2014
Thermo-chemical properties and T–X phase relations diagram of the (Mg,Fe)O solid solution are modelled using mixing Helmholtz energy, ΔF(T,x)mixing, calculated by quantum mechanical and semi-empirical techniques. The sub-solidus MgO–FeO binary has been explored as a function of composition, with iron either in high-spin (HS) or low-spin (LS) configuration. Only the HS model provides physically sound results at room pressure, yielding a correct trend of cell edge versus composition, whereas LS’s issues are at variance with observations. Mixing Helmholtz energy has been parametrized by the following relationship: ΔF(T,x)mixing = x × y × [U0(T) + U1(T) × (x – y) + U2(T) × (x − y)2]−T × S(x,y)c…
Organizational dissent and workplace freedom of speech : a qualitative study of young professional intra-urban migrant workers in Shanghai
2014
Chinese economy reform triggered the largest domestic labor migration in human history. These 150 million migrant workers are treated as second-rate citizens in urban cities because of the discriminatory household registration system: Hukou. Previous studies have predominantly focused on blue-collar migrants while the professional workers, the potential permanent city dwellers, received little attention. This study attempts to fill this gap by exploring the perception of workplace freedom and preference of dissent strategy among professional migrant workers in Shanghai. Eight young and well-educated migrants participated in this study through semi-structured online interviews. This study no…
Chiral dynamics in the γ→p→pπ0 reaction
2015
Abstract We investigate the neutral pion photoproduction on the proton near threshold in covariant chiral perturbation theory with the explicit inclusion of Δ degrees of freedom. This channel is specially sensitive to chiral dynamics and the advent of very precise data from the Mainz microtron has shown the limits of the convergence of the chiral series for both the heavy baryon and the covariant approaches. We show that the inclusion of the Δ resonance substantially improves the convergence leading to a good agreement with data for a wider range of energies.
Enantiomerically pure [M(6)L(12)] or [M(12)L(24)] polyhedra from flexible bis(pyridine) ligands.
2013
Coordination-driven self-assembly is one of the most powerful strategies to prepare nanometer-sized discrete (supra)molecular assemblies. Herein, we report on the use of two constitutionally isomeric BINOL-based bis(pyridine) ligands for this purpose. Upon coordination to Pd(II) ions these self-assemble into enantiomerically pure endo- and exo-functionalized hexa- and dodecanuclear metallosupramolecular spheres with a chiral skeleton depending on the substitution pattern of the BINOL core. These aggregates were characterized by NMR, MS, DLS, TEM, and EELS as well as ECD. Furthermore, experimental ECD data could be compared to those obtained from theoretical simulations using a simplified Ta…
Rolling, Pitching and Yawing of a Superconducting Maglev Vehicle
1995
The dynamic characteristics of a Maglev vehicle are influenced by both the translational and the rotational degrees of freedom. As a result, the rolling, pitching and yawing motion modes must be included in a complete description of the dynamic features of a Maglev vehicle. Furthermore, the analysis of this motion modes is also very useful in order to obtain the highest achievable riding comfort.
Non-Model Based Method for an Automation of 3D Acquisition and Post-Processing
2008
Most of the automation for 3D acquisition concerns objects with simple shape, like mechanical parts. For cultural heritage artefacts, the process is more complex, and it doesn't exist general solution nowadays. This paper presents a method to generate a complete 3D model of cultural heritage artefacts. In a first step, MVC is used to solve the view planning problem. Then, holes remaining in 3D model are detected, and their features are calculated to finish acquisition. Different post-processing are applied on each view to increase quality of the 3D model. This procedure has been tested with simulated scanner, before being implemented on a motion system with five degrees of freedom.
On-line Coordination in Complex Goal-directed Movements: a Matter of Interactions between Several Loops.
2012
International audience; Motor flexibility is the ability to rapidly modify behavior when unexpected perturbations occur. In goal directed movements, this process may be involved during the motor execution itself, by using on-line motor corrections, or off-line, on a trial-by-trial basis. A consensus has emerged to describe and unify these two dependant processes within the framework of the internal models theory in which the cerebellum is involved in error processing. However, this general framework may be incomplete to describe on-line motor corrections when complex motor coordination is involved in the task. In particular, interaction torques existing between different effectors limit the…