Search results for " Gain"

Quality of dietary fat intake and body weight and obesity in a Mediterranean population: Secondary analyses within the PREDIMED trial

2018

A moderately high-fat Mediterranean diet does not promote weight gain. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of specific types of fat and obesity and body weight. A prospective cohort study was performed using data of 6942 participants in the PREDIMED trial, with yearly repeated validated food-frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric outcomes (median follow-up: 4.8 years). The effects of replacing dietary fat subtypes for one another, proteins or carbohydrates were estimated using generalized estimating equations substitution models. Replacement of 5% energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty…

Differential Impact of Ad Libitum or Intermittent High-Fat Diets on Bingeing Ethanol-Mediated Behaviors

2019

Background: Dietary factors have significant effects on the brain, modulating mood, anxiety, motivation and cognition. To date, no attention has been paid to the consequences that the combination of ethanol (EtOH) and a high-fat diet (HFD) have on learning and mood disorders during adolescence. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biochemical and behavioral consequences of ethanol binge drinking and an HFD consumption in adolescent mice. Methods: Animals received either a standard diet or an HFD (ad libitum vs. binge pattern) in combination with ethanol binge drinking and were evaluated in anxiety and memory. The metabolic profile and gene expression of leptin receptors and clock…

Decrease in αβ/γδ T-cell ratio is accompanied by a reduction in high-fat diet-induced weight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammation.

2018

The implication of αβ and γδ T cells in obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) remains uncertain. Mice lacking γδ T cells show either no difference or a decrease in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR, whereas partial depletion in γδ T cells does not protect from HFD-induced IR. αβ T-cell deficiency leads to a decrease in white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation and IR without weight change, but partial depletion of these cells has not been studied. We previously described a mouse model overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPAR-β) specifically in T cells [transgenic (Tg) T-PPAR-β] that exhibits a partial depletion in αβ T cells and no change in γδ T-ce…

Sucralose and Cardiometabolic Health: Current Understanding from Receptors to Clinical Investigations

2021

International audience; The excess consumption of added sugar is consistently found to be associated with weight gain, and a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and stroke. In an effort to reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disease, sugar is frequently replaced by low- and null-calorie sweeteners (LCSs). Alarmingly, though, emerging evidence indicates that the consumption of LCSs is associated with an increase in cardiovascular mortality risk that is amplified in those who are overweight or obese. Sucralose, a null-caloric high-intensity sweetener, is the most commonly used LCS worldwide, which is regularly consumed by healthy individuals and patients with metab…

11 and 15-month-old infants do not compensate immediately for energy variation, and no further adjustment occurs 12 or 24 hours later

2021

International audience; Previously, we demonstrated that, in the short term, infants undercompensated for the energy from a preload given 25 min before an ad libitum meal. However, although not consistent, there is evidence in young children that caloric adjustment may occur over longer periods. We investigated the extent to which further energy adjustment occurs up to 24 h after a single meal preceded by preloads of varying energy density (ED) in infants that are 11 and 15 months old. Short-term caloric adjustment was measured in 11- and 15-month-old infants through a preload paradigm meal in the laboratory. To assess their caloric adjustment over longer periods (12 and 24 h), we used 24 h…

Studies towards a directional polychromatic sodium laser guide star

2018

In this work we discuss a mechanism for generation of a coherent source of light from the mesosphere as a new concept of directional laser guide star. In contrast to the near-isotropic spontaneous emission, nonlinear processes in atomic vapors like amplified spontaneous emission can yield highly directional emission in the forward and backward directions. Along with directional emission, excited sodium atoms also radiate at different wavelength creating a polychromatic laser guide star (PLGS). If feasible, a directional PLGS would provide a net gain in the return flux of several orders of magnitude compared to traditional LGS schemes, making possible laser-guided tip/tilt-correction in adap…

Primary vitrectomy for degenerative and tractional lamellar macular holes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021

Purpose To assess the efficacy of vitrectomy in degenerative and tractional lamellar macular holes (LMHs) by meta-analysis of published studies. Methods PubMed, Medline and Embase databases were searched up to May 2020. Included cohorts were divided into three groups: degenerative LMH group, lamellar hole associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) group and tractional LMH group. LHEP is likely to be associated with degenerative LMHs, but less commonly could be associated with mixed LMHs. To reduce risk of possible misclassification bias, eyes with LHEP which could not have been precisely classified by the authors, were included into the LHEP group. The primary outcome was to investigate th…

Voluntary Running Aids to Maintain High Body Temperature in Rats Bred for High Aerobic Capacity

2016

The production of heat, i.e., thermogenesis, is a significant component of the metabolic rate, which in turn affects weight gain and health. Thermogenesis is linked to physical activity (PA) level. However, it is not known whether intrinsic exercise capacity, aging, and long-term voluntary running affect core body temperature. Here we use rat models selectively bred to differ in maximal treadmill endurance running capacity (Low capacity runners, LCR and High capacity Runners, HCR), that as adults are divergent for aerobic exercise capacity, aging, and metabolic disease risk to study the connection between PA and body temperature. Ten high capacity runner (HCR) and ten low capacity runner (L…

Glycometabolic Alterations in Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency: Does Replacement Therapy Play a Role?

2018

Secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is a potentially life-threatening endocrine disorder due to an impairment of corticotropin (ACTH) secretion from any process affecting the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. ACTH deficit can be isolated or associated with other pituitary failures (hypopituitarism). An increased mortality due to cardiovascular, metabolic, and infectious diseases has been described in both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. However, few studies have provided compelling evidences on the underlying mechanism in SAI, because of the heterogeneity of the condition. Recently, some studies suggested that inappropriate glucocorticoid (GCs) replacement therapy, as for dose…

2014

Published version of an article from the journal: Food & Nutrition Research. Also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v58.23194 Open Access