Search results for " Glucagon"
showing 7 items of 37 documents
Review article: a comparison of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2.
2013
Summary Background Recent advancements in understanding the roles and functions of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and 2 (GLP-2) have provided a basis for targeting these peptides in therapeutic strategies. Aim To summarise the preclinical and clinical research supporting the discovery of new therapeutic molecules targeting GLP-1 and GLP-2. Methods This review is based on a comprehensive PubMed search, representing literature published during the past 30 years related to GLP-1 and GLP-2. Results Although produced and secreted together primarily from L cells of the intestine in response to ingestion of nutrients, GLP-1 and GLP-2 exhibit distinctive biological functions that are governed by t…
Glucagon-like peptide-1 relaxes gastric antrum through nitric oxide in mice.
2010
Abstract Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived peptide expressed in the intestinal enteroendocrine-L cells and released after meal ingestion. GLP-1 reduces postprandial glycemia not only by its hormonal effects, but also by its inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal motility. Recently, we showed that GLP-1 acts in the enteric nervous system of mouse intestine. Therefore our working hypothesis was that GLP-1 may have also a direct influence on the gastric mechanical activity since the major part of experimental studies about its involvement in the regulation of gastric motility have been conducted in in vivo conditions. The purposes of this study were (i) to examine exogen…
GLP-2 receptor expression in excitatory and inhibitory enteric neurons and its role in mouse duodenum contractility.
2011
Background. Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), a nutrient-responsive hormone, exerts various actions in the gastrointestinal tract that are mediated by a G-protein coupled receptor called GLP-2R. A little information is available on GLP-2R expression in enteric neurons and nothing on the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Methods. We investigated presence and distribution of the GLP-2R in the mouse duodenum by immunohistochemistry and the potential motor effects of GLP-2 on the spontaneous and neurally evoked mechanical activity. Key Results. The GLP-2R was expressed by the myenteric and submucosal neurons. Labelling was also present in nerve varicosities within the circular muscular layer an…
Use of Novel Antidiabetic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19: A Critical Review
2021
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The latter is a pandemic that has the potential of developing into a severe illness manifesting as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ involvement and shock. In addition, advanced age and male sex and certain underlying health conditions, like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), predispose to a higher risk of greater COVID-19 severity and mortality. This calls for an urgent identification of antidiabetic agents associated with more favourable COVID-19 outcomes among patients with T2DM, as well as recognition of their potential underlying…
A Decision Support Tool for Appropriate Glucose-Lowering Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
2015
Contains fulltext : 152084.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Optimal glucose-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus requires a patient-specific approach. Although a good framework, current guidelines are insufficiently detailed to address the different phenotypes and individual needs of patients seen in daily practice. We developed a patient-specific decision support tool based on a systematic analysis of expert opinion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) 2012 position statement, a panel of 12 European experts rated the appropriateness (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method) of tre…