Search results for " Glycoproteins"
showing 10 items of 329 documents
Intrinsically determined cell death of developing cortical interneurons.
2009
The cell death of inhibitory neurons, which originate far from the cortical areas to which they migrate during embryonic development, is determined autonomously rather than by competition for trophic signals from other cell types. It has long been known that apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, eliminates young cells from developing tissues. In the field of neurobiology, it is widely believed that developmental neuronal-cell death results from cellular competition for environmentally derived survival signals that selects for an optimally sized and properly wired population of neurons. This study of developmental cell death in the mouse cortex in vivo, in vitro and after transplantati…
MHC-restricted T cell receptor signaling is required for αβ TCR replacement of the pre T cell receptor
2008
A developmental block is imposed on CD25(+)CD44(-) thymocytes at the beta-selection checkpoint in the absence of the pre T cell receptor (preTCR) alpha-chain, pTalpha. Early surface expression of a transgenic alphabeta TCR has been shown to partially circumvent this block, such that thymocytes progress to the CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive stage. We wanted to analyze whether a restricting MHC element is required for alphabeta TCR-expressing double-negative (DN) thymocytes to overcome the developmental block in pTalpha-deficient animals. We used the HY-I knock-in model that endows thymocytes with alphabeta TCR expression in the DN compartment but has the advantage of physiological expression l…
Occurrence of Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss via Autophagy and Apoptotic Pathways in an Autoimmune Glaucoma Model
2020
In glaucoma, an apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) has been shown. However, little is known about other cell death mechanisms, like autophagy or necrosis. Therefore, we investigated these mechanisms in addition to antibody deposits in an experimental autoimmune glaucoma model.Rats were immunized with a retinal ganglion cell-layer homogenate (RGA), while controls received sodium chloride. Untreated rats served as natїve group. After seven weeks, retinal cross-sections were stained with antibodies against RGCs (Brn-3a), apoptosis (cleaved caspase 2, cleaved caspase 3 as well as caspase 3, 8, and 9), autophagy (LC3BII and LAMP1), and necrosis (RIPK3) followed by cell counts. Auto…
IL-6 receptor independent stimulation of human gp130 by viral IL-6.
2000
Abstract The genome of human herpes virus 8, which is associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma, encodes proteins with similarities to cytokines and chemokines including a homologue of IL-6. Although the function of these viral proteins is unclear, they might have the potential to modulate the immune system. For viral IL-6 (vIL-6), it has been demonstrated that it stimulates IL-6-dependent cells, indicating that the IL-6R system is used. IL-6 binds to IL-6R, and the IL-6/IL-6R complex associates with gp130 which dimerizes and initiates intracellular signaling. Cells that only express gp130 but no IL-6R cannot be stimulated by IL-6 unless a soluble form of the IL-6R is present. This type of signaling…
Cycloastragenol as an Exogenous Enhancer of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. A Morphological Study
2020
Stem cell therapy and tissue engineering represent a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. However, they present limits in terms of mechanical properties and premature de-differentiation of engineered cartilage. Cycloastragenol (CAG), a triterpenoid saponin compound and a hydrolysis product of the main ingredient in Astragalus membranaceous, has been explored for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate CAG&rsquo
The Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and PET/MRI on the Management of Prostate Cancer.
2018
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein with significantly increased expression in the cells and metastases of prostate carcinoma (CaP). PSMA-expression correlates with higher serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and a higher Gleason score (GS). This finding has led to the development of novel imaging modalities such as 68Ga-/18F-labeled PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI). This article reviews the literature pertaining to various new imaging technologies for the management of CaP. PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography appears to be an exce…
Endothelial Dysfunction in Tristetraprolin-deficient Mice Is Not Caused by Enhanced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Expression
2014
Cardiovascular events are important co-morbidities in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates pro-inflammatory processes through mRNA destabilization and therefore TTP-deficient mice (TTP(-/-) mice) develop a chronic inflammation resembling human rheumatoid arthritis. We used this mouse model to evaluate molecular signaling pathways contributing to the enhanced atherosclerotic risk in chronic inflammatory diseases. In the aorta of TTP(-/-) mice we observed elevated mRNA expression of known TTP targets like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, as well as of other pro-atherosclerotic mediators, l…
The E-modulus of the oocyte is a non-destructive measure of zona pellucida hardening
2021
Reproduction 162(4), 259-266 (2021). doi:10.1530/REP-21-0122
Critical limb ischaemia is characterised by an increased production of whole blood reactive oxygen species and expression of TREM-1 on neutrophils
2013
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process involving polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotype of inflammatory cells in regard to the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 and its soluble form (sTREM-1) as well as its relationship with oxidative stress in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients.In total 90 patients with PAD (N = 30 intermittent claudication (IC)300 m absolute walking distance, N = 30 IC300 m absolute walking distance, N = 30 critical limb ischaemia (CLI)) and 30 control persons were included. ROS formation was measured at basal or s…
The effect of RAAS blockade on markers of renal tubular damage in diabetic nephropathy: u-NGAL, u-KIM1 and u-LFABP.
2012
Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) affects both the glomerulus and tubules. We aimed to investigate the effect of irbesartan on the tubular markers: urinary (u) neutrophil gelatinase associated protein (NGAL), Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM1) and liver-fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP).A substudy of a double-masked, randomized, cross-over study including 52 patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and microalbuminuria. After 2 months washout of all antihypertensive medication except bendroflumethiazid, patients were treated in random order with irbesartan 300, 600 and 900 mg for 2 months.Urinary tubular markers at baseline and after each treatment period (ELISA),…