Search results for " Government"
showing 10 items of 305 documents
States of mourning: A quantitative analysis of national mournings across European countries
2018
Despite their growing incidence over the last decades, national days of mourning received curiously sparse attention throughout social sciences and death studies. This study investigates the 327 national mournings observed across European countries between 1989 and 2017 in terms of their national variance, temporal dynamics, typology of events that led to their declaration, and victimology. Drawing on a Durkheimian-inspired conceptualization of national mournings as political rites of solidarity and reconciliation, this article finds empirical support for the thesis that the frequency with which European countries declare national mourning is a negative function of a society's level of soci…
Mayors in the Town Hall: Patterns of Relations and Conflict Among Municipal Actors
2017
The chapter explores the way in which local actors interrelate with each other and the environment surrounding them. For doing so, it analyses the balance of power among municipal actors in European town halls and to what extent these relationships are characterised either by consensus or by conflict. The findings confirm the existence of differences among types of government, confirming the validity of the Mourtizen–Svara’s typology to capture the division of functions at the apex of local leadership forms of local government. When analysing the level of conflict, other factors such as the level of local autonomy in the political system, the municipality’s economic situation or the mayor’s…
Interactions of Societal Actors and Local Government in Institutionalized Governance Arrangements: The Book’s Scope and Content
2020
The chapter sets the stage for a comparative analysis of institutionalized governance networks grouping local governments and individual and collective or corporate societal actors unfolding at the municipal, sub-municipal and inter-municipal level. It details the premises for analyzing these networks with an emphasis on organized interests and interest intermediation and their relationship with the notion of democracy. It then reviews existing literature on the relationship between local governments and societal actors at two different levels. With reference to the municipal (micro) level, it looks at interest theory, the community power debate and the local governance approach. With refer…
Local State-Society Relations in European Countries: Main Findings
2020
The chapter details and discusses the main findings of a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of institutionalized networks of local state-society relations in 22 European countries. It provides empirical validation for the conceptual characterization of local state-society relations based on the dimensions of autonomy, coherence and relevance as well as the subsequent typology of networks. Moreover, it discusses and tries to explain differences in local state-society relations showcased by the country chapters of the book. First, it discusses whether countries and national infrastructures for local governance explain these differences. Second, it discusses whether the policy s…
Voluntary CSR vs. mandatory CSR : the sound of employees
2016
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) laws are an area of exploration and there is debate over preference to voluntary CSR laws or to mandatory CSR laws. The objective is to con-duct a micro-level study to explore the employee’s preferences for mandatory CSR laws or voluntary CSR laws. There is some existing literature on this topic at the macro-level and goal is to extend and contribute to the literature about this topic by studying the pref-erence at the micro-level. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews was conducted with 15 employees in India and Finland. The study contributes by identifying two different kinds of typologies of employees based on their experiences with…
Urban–Rural Interactions in Latvian Changing Policy and Practice Context
2013
AbstractThis article aims at a better comprehension of urban–rural interactions as a spatial concept and its utilization for spatial and regional policies. Based on literature review and on interviews with planners and experts, the article explores how the concept of urban–rural interactions is defined, characterized and structured. The understanding of urban and rural, how they are connected provides a basis for capturing complexities and development of urban–rural interactions. The study, reviews urban–rural policies and practises in Latvia. Contemporary built-up areas and lifestyles are influenced by imprints of past urban–rural interactions. Aspects of contextuality, cross-sectorality a…
Euroazjatycka Unia Gospodarcza a Unia Europejska jako międzynarodowe organizacje o charakterze rządowym
2017
Zarówno Euroazjatycka Unia Gospodarcza (EAUG) jak i Unia Europejska (UE) zostały powołane przez państwa członkowskie, gdyż państwa te nie były w stanie reprezentować wystarczająco skutecznie swoich interesów, a miały nadzieje, że uczynią to utworzone organizacje międzynarodowe. Z tego też powodu państwa członkowskie EAUG i UE przekazały na rzecz tytułowych organizacji międzynarodowych własne suwerenne uprawnienia. Zakres prerogatyw analizowanych organizacji stał się zatem wypadkową szacunków poszczególnych państw członkowskich, w myśl których organizacja, wyposażona w ograniczone, lecz zbiorowe uprawnienia członków, będzie mogła lepiej reprezentować interesy każdego pojedynczego państwa niż…
The United Citizens Organization: Public-private partnerships in global governance
2020
Can Public-Private Partnerships be applied to global affairs and governance? This paper reviews the existing relations between public and private global actors. I argue that current international politics is largely an outcome of these relations. Although for the foreseeable future the role of traditional nation-states on the global scene should not be dismissed, they come under the constant pressure of different private actors, particularly of MNCs and NGOs. If this is the case, the question of global responsibility must be raised. It has been the traditional role of governments to stand for such societal values as security and prosperity, and be responsible for their citizens. With the ch…
Role of municipalities in the health sector
2021
Dotā maģistra darba tēma ir pašvaldību loma veselības nozarē. Tēma ir aktuāla, jo ārstniecības nozare vienmēr ir bijusi problemātiska, gan finansējuma dēļ, gan cilvēkresursu trūkuma dēļ. Ar šīm problēmām saskarās gan Latvijā, gan pasaule kopumā. Veicot dažādas reformas ne vienmēr tiek sasniegti vēlamie mērķi. Iespējams mērķus sasniegšanai pozitīva ietekme ir tā, ka ārstniecības iestādes pieder ne tikai valstij, bet to kapitāldaļu turētāji ir arī pašvaldības, kuru uzdevumi un pienākumi ir atrunāti pašvaldību likumdošanā. 2019. gada nogalē pasauli pārņēma Covid-19 vīruss, kas 2020. gada martā tika konstatēts arī Latvijā. Vīrusa izraisītā pandēmija ieviesa savas korekcijas pasaules un Latvijas…
Debating Sound Money in Early Modern Europe: From Dualist to Metallic Monetary Systems
2019
International audience; In this paper, we present the monetary debates in Europe from the XVIth to the XVIIIth centuries from the viewpoint of the problem of good and sound money. The framework of the paper is built on a typology of monetary systems, by which a dualist system is distinguished from a metallic one. Under the dualist system, the value in units of account of the specie in circulation was defined by monetary proclamations (Einaudi locates this era from Charlemagne to the French Revolution). Metallist proponents aimed at preventing any kind of manipulations with a radical transformation of the system of payment, which gave birth to a metallic monetary system from the very end of …