Search results for " Gynecology"

Technical Detail on Nerve Coaptation in Phalloplasty: Use of Fibrin Glue Instead of Sutures.

2019

Umbilical artery blood flow velocity waveforms during variable decelerations of the fetal heart rate

1991

Blood flow velocities of the umbilical arteries were measured by Doppler ultrasonography during variable decelerations of the fetal heart rate. The flow velocity waveforms, being normal between uterine contractions, showed either an unchanged flow velocity waveform with an exclusive fetal heart rate effect on end-diastolic velocities or a rapid change to absent and reverse diastolic flow during the decelerations, indicating an abrupt increase in placental resistance with a halt in placental perfusion. Computer-aided reconstruction of the fetal heart rate curve revealed the exact temporal relationship between the reduction of umbilical artery perfusion and deceleration of fetal heart rate. W…

Menopause symptom management in women with dyslipidemias: An EMAS clinical guide.

2020

Abstract Introduction Dyslipidemias are common and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The menopause transition is associated with an atherogenic lipid profile, with an increase in the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and potentially lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], and a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Aim The aim of this clinical guide is to provide an evidence-based approach to management of menopausal symptoms and dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women. The guide evaluates the effects on the lipid profile both of menopausal hormone therapy an…

Endometrial carcinoma and its precursors: Early detection and treatment

1990

Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent genital neoplasia in women. Precursors of this condition include endometrial hyperplasia, particularly when cytologic atypia occurs. Among the frequent early clinical manifestations of endometrial carcinoma is abnormal uterine bleeding that must be differentiated from bleeding associated with benign conditions. Early detection of endometrial carcinoma and its precursors in women at risk is the best prophylactic measure in the final therapeutic outcome. In this review, the accuracy of methods of early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma and its precursors is assessed, in order to provide early therapy and optimum prognosis. The epidemiology of endome…

Female obesity: short- and long-term consequences on the offspring

2013

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has risen over the past few decades and women are currently more likely than ever to enter pregnancy obese. Pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain increase miscarriage rates and obstetric and neonatal complications, which result in a lower healthy live birth rate. In addition to its negative consequences for the mother, obesity has been shown to be an important risk factor for chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the adolescence and adulthood of the offspring. Moreover, maternal obesity causes psychological problems, physical disabilities and higher healthcare costs. Fetal progra…

Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in gynecological diagnosis

1999

Re: Clinical implementation of routine screening for fetal trisomies in the UK NHS: cell-free DNA test contingent on results from first-trimester com…

2016

The world of twins: an update

2010

In last years, owing to the widespread availability of assisted-reproduction technology, multiple pregnancy rates in Western countries have increased. In twin pregnancies, an increased rate of gestational complications, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth and severe perinatal conditions is present. These complications are more frequent in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins as well as an increased relative risk of chromosomal abnormalities and congenital malformation. Monochorionic twins are at higher risk for complications, since they share a common placenta where an imbalance in unidirectional arteriovenous anastomoses can lead to twin#x2013;twin transfusion sy…

Progestogens reduce thromboxane production by cultured human endothelial cells.

2011

Objectives Progestogens have been poorly studied concerning their roles in endothelial physiology. Prostanoids are vasoactive compounds, such as thromboxane A2, a potent vasoconstrictor, and prostacyclin, a vasodilator. We examined the effects of two progestogens used clinically, progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate, on thromboxane A2 production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and investigated the role of progesterone receptors and the enzymes involved in production of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. Methods Cells were exposed to 1‐100 nmol/l of either progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate, and thromboxane A2 production was measured in culture mediu…

Progestogens stimulate prostacyclin production by human endothelial cells.

2005

BACKGROUND: The effects of progestogens on endothelial physiology are poorly studied. Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator synthesized by two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) in endothelium. We examined the effects of two clinically used progestogens, progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on prostacyclin production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the possible role of progesterone receptors and both COX enzymes. METHODS: Cells were exposed to 1-100 nmol/l of either progesterone or MPA and prostacyclin production was measured in culture medium. RESULTS: Both progestogens significantly increased prostacyclin release in a time- and dose-dependent man…