Search results for " Humanized"

Adjusted comparison between elotuzumab and carfilzomib in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone as salvage therapy for multiple myeloma pat…

2021

The lack of a randomized trial comparing carfilzomib (K) versus elotuzumab (Elo) associated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) prompted us to assess the relative usefulness of one triplet over the other. Five independent retrospective cohorts of 883 relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients, including 300 EloRd and 583 KRd cases, outside clinical trials, entered this non-randomized comparison. KRd cohort accounted for a higher incidence of younger patients, cases with ≥3 lines of therapy, already exposed to lenalidomide, International Staging System (ISS) stage III, and abnormal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level compared with EloRd cohort. Moreover, cytogenetic risk categori…

Evaluation of atezolizumab immunogenicity: Efficacy and safety (Part 2).

2022

Abstract Antibody therapeutics can be associated with unwanted immune responses resulting in the development of anti‐drug antibodies (ADA). Optimal methods to evaluate the potential effects of ADA on clinical outcomes in oncology are not well established. In this study, we assessed efficacy and safety, based on ADA status, in patients from over 10 clinical trials that evaluated the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab as a single agent or as combination therapy for several types of advanced cancers. ADA can only be observed post randomization, and imbalances in baseline prognostic factors can confound the interpretation of ADA impact. We applied methodology to account for the confoundin…

KRAS mutations and sensitivity to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: an open issue.

2009

Background: Cetuximab and panitumumab, mAbs targeting EGFR, are registered for metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) patients whose tumors express EGFR as determined by immunohistochemistry. However, this method is not predictive of treatment efficacy. KRAS, the human homolog of the Kirsten rat sarcoma-2 virus oncogene, encodes a small G-protein that functions downstream of EGFR-induced signalling. Objective/Methods: To examine KRAS mutations as predictive factors of response to anti-EGFR mAbs using recently published data. Results/conclusions: Several retrospective studies show that efficacy of these mAbs is confined to patients with wild type KRAS and genotyping of tumors should be consi…

Current questions for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.

2013

Abstract Background Gastric cancer remains a major health problem worldwide. Treatment of advanced gastric cancer is controversial and there is no standard regimen for first- or second-line chemotherapy (CT). This review aims to give an overview of the hot topics concerning treatment, prognostic factors and new strategies in advanced gastric cancer. Material and methods Seven questions of special clinical interest have been formulated previously to the literature review. With the aim of answering each of these questions, a specific search of the relevant trials and meta-analyses published or communicated from 1990 to date was performed. Results Patients treated with CT have a survival benef…

Phase I/II trial of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab and imatinib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: AIO KRK …

2013

Background: Combined inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta signalling and vascular endothelial growth factor promotes vascular normalisation in preclinical models and may lead to increased delivery of chemotherapy to tumour tissue. This phase I/II trial assessed the safety and efficacy of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab and imatinib in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Two dose levels (I/II) were defined: capecitabine 850/1000 mg m−2 twice daily on days 1–14; oxaliplatin 100/130 mg m−2 on day 1; bevacizumab 7.5 mg kg−1 on day 1; imatinib 300 mg day−1 on days 1–21 every 21 days. The primary study endpo…

Bronchiolitis: The New American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines

2008

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in young children worldwide. RSV is an important cause of LRTI in infants and a variety of factors, such as gender, age at admission, gestational age, birth weight, and exposure to tobacco smoke and breast feeding may affect the prevalence of RSV-related disease and, possibly, the risk of developing asthma-like symptoms during the school years. AAP in 2006 formulated the new guidelines on diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis, giving recommendations on different conditions requesting clinical decisions also in terms of prevention.

Molecular in vivo imaging of gastric cancer in a human-murine xenograft model: targeting epidermal growth factor receptor

2012

Background The prognosis of gastric cancer depends on early diagnosis. Targeted therapies against epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are currently emerging for the treatment of gastric cancer. Objective To specifically visualize gastric cancer by using monoclonal antibodies targeting EGFR1 as molecular probes for in vivo molecular confocal laser endomicroscopy (mCLE) in a human-murine xenograft model. Design Prospective in vivo animal study. Setting Animal laboratory. Interventions Human gastric carcinoma xenografts were examined in 26 nude mice by using mCLE after injection of fluorescently labeled antibodies. Nine mice received low-dose anti-EGFR1 antibodies, 7 mice cetuximab, and …

Inter-society consensus document on treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis in newborns and infants

2014

Acute bronchiolitis is the leading cause of lower respiratory t ract infection and hospitalization in children less than 1y ear of age worldwide. It is usually a mild disease, but some children may develop severe symptoms, requiring hospital admission and ventilatory support in the ICU. Infants with pre-existing risk factors (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart diseases and immunodeficiency) may be predisposed to a severe form of the disease. Clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis is manly based on medical history and physical examination (rhinorrhea, cough, crackles, wheezing and signs of respiratory distress). Etiological diagnosis, with antigen or genome detection to i…

Future directions in acquired hemophilia A

2021

The Impact of the International Cooperation On Familial Hypercholesterolemia Screening and Treatment: Results from the ScreenPro FH Project

2019

Purpose of Review Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is often perceived and described as underdiagnosed and undertreated, though effective treatment of FH is available. Owing to the mentioned facts, it is ever more imperative to screen and treat FH patients. Subsequent to the identification of patients, the project focuses on the improvement of their prognoses. The ScreenPro FH project was established as a functional international network for the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of FH. Individual countries were assigned goals, e.g., to define the actual situation and available treatment. With “central support,” more centers and countries participated in the project. Subsequently, individ…