Search results for " Humans"

showing 10 items of 2466 documents

Recollection and familiarity in hippocampal amnesia

2008

Currently, there is a general agreement that two distinct cognitive operations, recollection and familiarity, contribute to performance on recognition memory tests. However, there is a controversy about whether recollection and familiarity reflect different memory processes, mediated by distinct neural substrates (dual-process models), or whether they are the expression of memory traces of different strength in the context of a unitary declarative memory system (unitary-strength models). Critical in this debate is the status of recognition memory in hippocampal amnesia and, in particular, whether the various structures in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) contribute differentially to the recol…

AdultMaleDissociation (neuropsychology)Cognitive NeuroscienceAmnesiaHippocampal formationRecognition (Psychology)Pattern RecognitionRecognition (Psychology); Hippocampus; Pattern Recognition Visual; Humans; Brain Damage Chronic; Adult; Middle Aged; Mental Recall; Male; AmnesiaHippocampusTemporal lobePerirhinal cortexmedicineHumansBrain DamageChronicRecognition memoryRecallCognitionRecognition PsychologyMiddle Agedamnesia recognition memory recollection familiarity hippocampusmedicine.anatomical_structurePattern Recognition VisualMental RecallBrain Damage ChronicSettore MED/26 - NeurologiaAmnesiamedicine.symptomPsychologyVisualCognitive psychology
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Brain activity during intra- and cross-modal priming: new empirical data and review of the literature

2003

A positron emission tomography (PET) study was conducted to investigate the neurofunctional correlate of auditory within-modality and auditory-to-visual cross-modality stem completion priming. Compared to the auditory-to-auditory priming condition, cross-modality priming was associated with a significantly larger regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) decrease at the boundary between left inferior temporal and fusiform gyri, brain regions previously associated with modality independent lexical retrieval and reading. Instead, within-modality auditory priming was associated with a bilateral pattern of prefrontal rCBF increase. This was likely the expression of more efficient access to output lex…

AdultMaleEmpirical datagenetic structuresBrain activity and meditationCognitive NeuroscienceCentral nervous systemExperimental and Cognitive PsychologyBehavioral NeuroscienceMemoryotorhinolaryngologic diseasesmedicineHumansTomographyCerebral Cortexmedicine.diagnostic_testSettore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia FisiologicaMemoriaPriming Stem completion Memory PETBrainCognitionReading; Humans; Brain; Auditory Perception; Cerebral Cortex; Photic Stimulation; Speech Perception; Adult; Cues; Tomography Emission-Computed; Acoustic Stimulation; Male; Visual PerceptionPETmedicine.anatomical_structureAcoustic StimulationReadingCerebral blood flowPrimingPositron emission tomographyStem completionAuditory PerceptionSpeech PerceptionVisual PerceptionSettore MED/26 - NeurologiaEmission-ComputedCuesPsychologyPriming (psychology)NeurosciencePhotic Stimulationpsychological phenomena and processesTomography Emission-Computed
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HBV DNA suppression and HBsAg clearance in HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients on lamivudine therapy for over 5 years

2012

Background & Aims In long-term responder patients, it is unclear whether lamivudine (LAM) monotherapy should be continued or switched to a high-genetic-barrier analogue. This study aims at assessing LAM efficacy over a 5-year period and the residual risk of drug resistance. The rate of HBsAg clearance and LAM long-term safety profile were also evaluated. Methods One hundred and ninety-one patients with chronic HBeAg-negative hepatitis B successfully treated with LAM monotherapy for at least 5years were included. Biochemical and virological tests were assessed every 3months in all patients and HBsAg quantification was performed in 45/191. Reverse-transcriptase (RT) region was directly sequen…

AdultMaleHBsAgmedicine.medical_specialtyChronic hepatitis B; Lamivudine; Nucleos(t)ide analogues; Viral resistance; Adult; Aged; Antiviral Agents; DNA Viral; Female; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B e Antigens; Hepatitis B Chronic; Humans; Lamivudine; Male; Middle Aged; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Time Factors; HepatologyTime FactorsCirrhosisDrug resistanceReal-Time Polymerase Chain Reactionmedicine.disease_causeChronic hepatitis BAntiviral AgentsGastroenterologyHepatitis B ChronicInternal medicineHBVmedicineHumansViralHepatitis B e AntigensChronicAgedHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatologybusiness.industryViral resistanceLamivudineDNAMiddle AgedHepatitis BHepatitis Bmedicine.diseaseNucleos(t)ide analoguesResidual riskHBeAgLamivudineDNA ViralImmunologyFemalebusinessmedicine.drug
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The impact of pictorial health warnings on tobacco products in smokers behaviours and knowledge: The first quasi-experimental field trial after the i…

2019

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate in the Italian smokers, the effects of implementation of the law about Pictorial Health Warnings (PHWs) on tobacco products.Methods. A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was conducted between 2016 and 2017. The data were collected before (pre-PHW/Wave 1) and after (post-PHW/Wave 2) the implementation of the law. The adopted questionnaire included impact of advertisement (Label Impact Index, LII), quitting behavior and knowledge of tobacco related diseases.Results. 455 respondents completed both the Waves. 7.7% of smokers declared to have stopped smoking in Wave 2 and 29% of these declared the PHWs as one of the reasons to quit. The knowle…

AdultMaleHealth Knowledge Attitudes Practicehealth warningQuasi-experimental studyProduct LabelingPictorial warningsPictorial Works as TopicYoung AdultPictorial warningAdvertisingSurveys and QuestionnairesHealth labelHumansLongitudinal StudiesHealth labelsHealth warningsPracticeMotivationpictorial warnings health labels health warnings tobacco advertisement quasi-experimental studyHealth KnowledgeTobacco advertisementTobacco ProductsTobacco Use DisorderMiddle AgedItalyAttitudesFemaleSmoking CessationHealth labels; Health warnings; Pictorial warnings; Quasi-experimental study; Tobacco advertisementpictorial warnings; health labels; health warnings; tobacco advertisement; quasi-experimental studyHealth labels; Health warnings; Pictorial warnings; Quasi-experimental study; Tobacco advertisement; Adult; Advertising; Female; Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice; Humans; Italy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Pictorial Works as Topic; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult; Product Labeling
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Rare NLRP12 variants associated with the NLRP12-autoinflammatory disorder phenotype: an Italian case series.

2013

AdultMaleHeredityAdolescentIntracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteinsautoinflammatory disorder phenotype NLRP12TRAPSMiddle AgedCryopyrin-Associated Periodic SyndromesPedigreePhenotypeTreatment OutcomeSettore MED/38 - PEDIATRIA GENERALE E SPECIALISTICAItalyMutationHumansFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAdolescent; Adult; Child Preschool; Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Heredity; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Phenotype; Treatment Outcome; MutationChildPreschoolImmunosuppressive Agents
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The epidemiology of Varicella Zoster Virus infection in Italy

2008

Abstract Background The epidemiological importance of varicella and zoster and the availability of an efficacious and safe vaccine have led to an important international debate regarding the suitability of mass vaccination. The objective of the study was to describe the epidemiology of varicella and zoster in Italy and to determine whether there have been changes with respect to observations provided by an analogous study conducted 8 years ago, in order to define the most appropriate vaccination strategy. Methods A number of data sources were evaluated, a cross-sectional population-based seroprevalence study was conducted on samples collected in 2004, and the results were compared with data…

AdultMaleHerpesvirus 3 HumanSettore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia ClinicaPediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentCross-sectional studyPopulationVaricellamedicine.disease_causeYoung AdultChickenpoxSeroepidemiologic StudiesEnvironmental healthEpidemiologymedicineHumansSeroprevalencePreschoolChildeducationVaricella Zosterepidemiology infection in Italyeducation.field_of_studyChickenpoxbusiness.industrylcsh:Public aspects of medicineHerpesvirus 3Infant NewbornPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthVaricella zoster virusInfantvirus diseaseslcsh:RA1-1270Middle AgedNewbornmedicine.diseaseVaccinationCross-Sectional StudiesItalyInfectious disease (medical specialty)Adolescent; Adult; Chickenpox; Child; Child Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Herpesvirus 3 Human; Humans; Infant; Infant Newborn; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Young AdultChild PreschoolFemalebusinessHumanResearch ArticleBMC Public Health
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Visual distractors differentially interfere with the reaching and grasping components of prehension movements

1998

In the present study we addressed the issue of how an object is visually isolated from surrounding cues when a reaching-grasping (prehension) movement towards it is planned. Subjects were required to reach and grasp an object presented either alone or with a distractor. In five experiments, different degrees of elaboration of the distractor were induced by varying: (1) the position of the distractor (central or peripheral); (2) the time when the distractor was suppressed (immediately or delayed, with respect to stimulus presentation); and (3) the type of distractor analysis (implicit or explicit). In addition, we tested whether the possible effects of the distractor on reaching-grasping wer…

AdultMaleHuman kinematicsReach and graspInjury controlMovementPoison controlStimulus (physiology)Settore BIO/09Movement; arm; male; time and motion studies; psychomotor performance; female; hand strength; visual perception; adult; reaction time; humansImplicit analysis of the objectReaction TimeHumansAttentionVisual searchCommunicationHand Strengthbusiness.industryGeneral NeuroscienceGRASPMotor controlReaching-graspingBody movementTime and Motion StudiesArmVisual PerceptionFemalePsychologybusinessInterferencePsychomotor PerformanceCognitive psychology
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Cancer incidence in Italian contaminated sites

2014

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of cancer among residents in sites contaminated by pollutants with a possible health impact is not adequately studied. In Italy, SENTIERI Project (Epidemiological study of residents in National Priority Contaminated Sites, NPCSs) was implemented to study major health outcomes for residents in 44 NPCSs. METHODS: The Italian Association of Cancer Registries (AIRTUM) records cancer incidence in 23 NPCSs. For each NPCSs, the incidence of all malignant cancers combined and 35 cancer sites (coded according to ICD-10), was analysed (1996-2005). The observed cases were compared to the expected based on age (5-year period,18 classes), gender, calendar period (1996-2000; 2…

AdultMaleIncidencecontaminated sites; Cancer incidenceAdult; Aged; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollution; Female; Humans; Incidence; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasmscancerc incidencecancerc incidence; contaminated sites; Cancer in ItalyEnvironmental ExposureMiddle AgedSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataContaminated sitesCancer incidence; Contaminated sites; Environmental pollution;ItalyNeoplasmsHumansFemaleEnvironmental Pollutioncontaminated siteCancer in ItalyCancer incidenceAged
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Instantaneous transfer entropy for the study of cardio-respiratory dynamics

2015

Measures of transfer entropy have been proposed to quantify the directional coupling and strength between two complex physiological variables. Particular attention has been given to nonlinear interactions within cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics as influenced by the autonomic nervous system. However, standard transfer entropy estimates have shown major limitations in dealing with issues concerning stochastic system modeling, limited observations in time, and the assumption of stationarity of the considered physiological variables. Moreover, standard estimates are unable to track time-varying changes in nonlinear coupling with high resolution in time. Here, we propose a novel definitio…

AdultMaleInformation transferComputer scienceEntropyPostureBiomedical EngineeringProbability density functionHealth InformaticsMaximum entropy spectral estimationNonlinear DynamicEntropy (classical thermodynamics)ElectrocardiographyTheoreticalRespiratory RateControl theoryModelsHeart RateTilt-Table TestEntropy (information theory)Humans1707; Signal Processing; Biomedical Engineering; Health InformaticsStatistical physicsEntropy (energy dispersal)Entropy (arrow of time)1707Likelihood FunctionsEntropy (statistical thermodynamics)Models TheoreticalLikelihood FunctionNonlinear systemDiscrete time and continuous timeNonlinear DynamicsSignal ProcessingSettore ING-INF/06 - Bioingegneria Elettronica E InformaticaTransfer entropyFemaleAdult; Electrocardiography; Entropy; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Likelihood Functions; Male; Models Theoretical; Nonlinear Dynamics; Posture; Tilt-Table Test; Respiratory Rate; Signal Processing; Biomedical Engineering; 1707; Health InformaticsEntropy (order and disorder)Human
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Usefulness of echocardiography in the assessment of internal medicine inpatients: An analysis according to ACC/AHA guidelines

1999

BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyze the importance of echocardiography in our Internal Medicine Institute. We think that this technique could have a large impact in the evaluation of the internistic inpatient who is usually affected by multiple pathological problems. METHODS: Analysis was performed according to the ACC/AHA guidelines for the application of echocardiography. The data of 1211 consecutive inpatients were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-three per cent of all the patients had two or more associated diseases. Moreover, patients in whom echocardiography could be considered appropriate or useful were 67%. Our results point out that echocardiographic examination is generally a technique of gre…

AdultMaleInpatientsSettore MED/09 - Medicina InternaAdult Aged Echocardiography* Female Humans Inpatients Internal Medicine/methods* Male Middle Aged Retrospective StudiesMiddle AgedSettore MED/45 - Scienze Infermieristiche Generali Cliniche E PediatricheEchocardiographyInternal MedicineHumansFemaleAgedRetrospective Studies
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