Search results for " IMMUNOTHERAPY"

Heterogeneity and prognostic influence of tumor-infiltrating gamma-delta T lymphocytes in colon cancer patients

2013

Moving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review

2022

Simple Summary Moving from the achievements of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic lung cancer, the great promise of immunotherapy in resectable early-stage is to make a disease, often lethal until now for frequent post-surgery relapses, more curable. This review focuses on role of immunotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. We summarize biological rationale, findings from clinical trials of adjuvant and neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors, questions about biomarkers and choice of endpoints, aiming to provide up-to-date information useful for clinical decision making. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Since prognosis of early-stage …

Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies.

2014

© 2014. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Bovine herpesvirus 4-based vector delivering the full length xCT DNA efficiently protects mice from mammary cancer metastases by targeting cancer ste…

2018

Despite marked advancements in its treatment, breast cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death in women, due to relapses and distal metastases. Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), are a cellular reservoir for recurrence, metastatic evolution and disease progression, making the development of novel therapeutics that target CSCs, and thereby inhibit metastases, an urgent need. We have previously demonstrated that the cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11), a protein that was shown to be overexpressed in mammary CSCs and that plays a key role in the maintenance of their redox balance, self-renewal and resistance to chemotherapy, is a potential target for mammary cancer immunoth…

Targeting B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) in Multiple Myeloma: Potential Uses of BCMA-Based Immunotherapy

2018

The approval of the first two monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) in late 2015 for treating relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) was a critical advance for immunotherapies for multiple myeloma (MM). Importantly, the outcome of patients continues to improve with the incorporation of this new class of agents with current MM therapies. However, both antigens are also expressed on other normal tissues including hematopoietic lineages and immune effector cells, which may limit their long-term clinical use. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a transmembrane glycoprotein in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 17 (TNFRSF17), is expressed a…

Blockade of MIF–CD74 Signalling on Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Restores the Antitumour Immune Response Against Metastatic Melanoma

2018

Mounting an effective immune response against cancer requires the activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer. While immunotherapies have shown a remarkable success in melanoma treatment, patients develop resistance by mechanisms that include the establishment of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, understanding how metastatic melanoma cells suppress the immune system is vital to develop effective immunotherapies against this disease. In this study, we find that macrophages (MOs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are suppressed in metastatic melanoma and that the Ig-CDR-based peptide C36L1 is able to restore MOs and …

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as a promising innovative tool for immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies

2011

The potent anti-tumor activities of γδ T cells, their ability to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and their strong cytolytic activity have prompted the development of protocols in which γδ agonists or ex vivo-expanded γδ cells are administered to tumor patients. γδ T cells can be selectively activated by either synthetic phosphoantigens or by drugs that enhance their accumulation into stressed cells as aminobisphosphonates, thus offering new avenues for the development of γδ T cell-based immunotherapies. The recent development of small drugs selectively activating Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes, which upregulate the endogenous phosphoantigens, has enabled the investigators to design the experiment…

Transgenic Killer Commensal Bacteria as Mucosal Protectants

2001

As first line of defense against the majority of infections and primary site for their transmission, mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts represent the most suitable sites to deliver protective agents for the prevention of infectious diseases. Mucosal protection is important not only for life threatening diseases but also for opportunistic infections which currently represent a serious burden in terms of morbidity, mortality, and cost of cures. Candida albicans is among the most prevalent causes of mucosal infections not only in immuno- compromised patients, such as HIV-infected subjects who are frequently affected by oral and esoph…

Flow Cytometry in Cancer Immunotherapy: Applications, Quality Assurance, and Future

2014

Cancer immunotherapy seeks to elicit or augment the antitumor immune response in a patient in order to enlist the help of the patient’s own immune system for tumor control. In this context, immune monitoring provides evidence of immunogenicity, guides the choice and dosage of antigens, assesses the effects of immune modulators and therapy combinations, and has the potential to reveal early biomarkers of clinical efficacy. In view of their role in the anticancer immune response, the quantity and quality of tumor antigen-specific effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are of particular interest, and characterization of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells is increasingly relevant. …

Humoral immunotherapy of multiple myeloma: perspectives and perplexities

2010

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELDS Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy still remaining incurable despite the various therapies available, mainly because of the high fraction of refractory/relapsing cases. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic approaches is urgently needed to overcome conventional treatment resistance. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: In the era of targeted therapies, treatments combining a high specificity for neoplastic cells and the capability to interfere with environmental signals should be regarded as the weapons of choice. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based humoral immunotherapy could satisfy both these requirements when applied to MM. Indeed, many of the mo…