Search results for " INFLAMMATION"
showing 10 items of 634 documents
Age-Related Inflammation: the Contribution of Different Organs, Tissues and Systems. How to Face it for Therapeutic Approaches
2010
A typical feature of ageing is a chronic, low-grade inflammation characterized by a general increase in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers ("inflamm-ageing"). This status may slowly damage one or several organs, especially when unfavorable genetic polymorphisms and epigenetic alterations are concomitant, leading to an increased risk of frailty together with the onset of age-related chronic diseases. The contribution of different tissues (adipose tissue, muscle), organs (brain, liver), immune system and ecosystems (gut microbiota) to age-related inflammation ("inflamm-ageing") will be discussed in this review in the context of its onset/progression leading …
Hsp60 chaperonopathies and chaperonotherapy: targets and agents
2014
Hsp60 (Cpn60) assembles into a tetradecamer that interacts with the co-chaperonin Hsp10 (Cpn10) to assist client polypeptides to fold, but it also has other roles, including participation in pathogenic mechanisms.Hsp60 chaperonopathies are pathological conditions, inherited or acquired, in which the chaperone plays a determinant etiologic-pathogenic role. These diseases justify selection of Hsp60 as a target for developing agents that interfere with its pathogenic effects. We provide information on how to proceed.The information available encourages the development of ways to improve Hsp60 activity (positive chaperonotherapy) when deficient or to block it (negative chaperonotherapy) when pa…
An SPM-Enriched Marine Oil Supplement Shifted Microglia Polarization toward M2, Ameliorating Retinal Degeneration in rd10 Mice
2022
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy causing progressive vision loss. It is accompanied by chronic and sustained inflammation, including M1 microglia activation. This study evaluated the effect of an essential fatty acid (EFA) supplement containing specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), on retinal degeneration and microglia activation in rd10 mice, a model of RP, as well as on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The EFA supplement was orally administered to mice from postnatal day (P)9 to P18. At P18, the electrical activity of the retina was examined by electroretinography (ERG) and innate behavior in response to light were measured. Retinal degeneration was …
The role of platelet gel in osteoarticular injuries of young and old patients
2014
Background: The use of autologous platelet gel in orthopedics is effective in accelerating the healing process of osteochondral, muscle, tendon and ligament lesions. The aim of our study was to verify whether the variability in response to infiltration with platelet gel was dependent on the underlying disease treated, sex and age of the patients. During four years, 140 patients have been treated for musculoskeletal injuries by infiltration of gel platelet and lysate platelet obtained from autologous thrombin, with echo-ultrasound guided. The response to treatment was assessed at different time points T0, T1, T2 with respect to pain estimation (VAS), joint mobility (ROM scale) and echo-ultra…
Inflammation, genetic background and longevity
2010
Ageing is an inexorable intrinsic process that affects all cells, tissues, organs and individuals. Due to a diminished homeostasis and increased organism frailty, ageing causes a reduction of the response to environmental stimuli and, in general, is associated to an increased predisposition to illness and death. Actually, it is characterized by a state of reduced ability to maintain health and general homeodynamics of the organism. A large part of the ageing phenotype is explained by an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks, which results in the low grade chronic pro-inflammatory status of ageing, "inflamm-ageing". It is strictly linked to immunosenescence, and on th…
Bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma: food for thoughts
2014
Asthma is a complex inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by airway hyper-responsiveness and variable, reversible, airflow obstruction. Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a new modality for treating asthma. It targets airway smooth muscles (ASM) by delivering a controlled specific amount of thermal energy (radiofrequency ablation) to the airway wall through a dedicated catheter. The use of bronchial thermoplasty has been widely discussed for its potential in the treatment of asthma, since it seems to be able to reduce the symptoms of asthma. The definitive study for BT (AIR2 trial) employed a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled design and enrolled 288 subjects with severe per…
TLR4 expression in ex-Lichenoid lesions—oral squamous cell carcinomas and its surrounding epithelium: the role of tumor inflammatory microenvironment
2022
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, TLRs can induce a pro-survival and pro-proliferation response in tumor cells. This study aims to investigate the expression of TLR4 in the epithelium surrounding oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in relation to its inflammatory microenvironment. This study included 150 human samples: 30 normal oral control (NOC), 38 non-lichenoid epithelium surrounding OSCC (NLE-OSCC), 28 lichenoid epithelium surrounding OSCC (LE-OSCC), 30 OSCC ex-non oral lichenoid lesion (OSCC Ex-NOLL), and 24 OSCC ex-oral lichenoid lesion (OSCC Ex-OLL). TLR4 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry and the percentage of posi…
Treatment of macular oedema (excluding age-related macular degeneration (AMD))
2021
Macular oedema corresponds to an increase in macular thickness most often associated with a rupture of the hematoretinal barriers. Diagnosis is based on the notion of reduced vision, but above all on multimodal imaging in which optical coherence tomography (OCT) plays an essential role both for the initial diagnosis and for follow-up. The mechanisms involved in the occurrence of macular oedema are primarily vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cytokines regardless of the aetiology of the oedema. Treatment often involves a combination of local treatment - primarily intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF or corticosteroids - and, in certain situations, such as diabetes or uveitis, gene…
Chronic kidney disease and inflammation: Role of +896A/G pro-inflammatory polymorphism of TLR4 gene and Δ32 deletion of CCR5 gene
2009
bstract Chronic inflammation seems implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and the development of its complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Genes encoding inflammatory molecules are, hence, good candidates for CVD risk in haemodialysis patients (HD). We therefore evaluated whether +896A/G TLR4 polymorphism and CCR5A32 deletion are risk factors for CKD and CVD. We examined the two gene variants in 72 HD patients and in 125 controls from Sicily. No significant differences in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies of the two gene variants were observed between patients and controls. The same results were obtained by analysing the combined ef…
The role of DWI sequences in preclinical investigations of the sacroiliac joints anomalies in patients with Crohn's disease. Our experience
2016
Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References