Search results for " IRR."

Comparison of aircraft measurements during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

2019

Abstract. The indirect effect of atmospheric aerosol particles on the Earth's radiation balance remains one of the most uncertain components affecting climate change throughout the industrial period. The large uncertainty is partly due to the incomplete understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions. One objective of the GoAmazon2014/5 and the ACRIDICON (Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems)-CHUVA (Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil) projects was to understand the influence of emissions from the tropical megacity of Manaus (Brazil) on the surrounding atmospheric environment of the rainforest and to investiga…

Production of Haploid and Doubled Haploid Lines in Nut Crops: Persian Walnut, Almond, and Hazelnut

2021

This chapter deals with induction of haploidy via parthenogenesis in Persian walnut and via microspore embryogenesis in almond and hazelnut. Haploid induction through in situ parthenogenesis using pollination with irradiated pollen to stimulate the embryogenic development of the egg cell, followed by in vitro culture of the immature haploid embryos. Microspore embryogenesis allows the induction of immature pollen grains (microspores), to move away from the normal gametophytic developmental route in the direction of the sporophytic one, yielding homozygous organisms (embryos in this case). Unlike other fruit crops (such as Citrus), regeneration of entire plants has not yet been obtained in o…

Electrical Aging Tests on Enameled Wire Exposed to Gamma Irradiation

2011

Nonadiabatic dynamics in strongly driven diffusive Josephson junctions

2019

By measuring the Josephson emission of a diffusive Superconductor-Normal metal-Superconductor (SNS) junction at a finite temperature we reveal a non-trivial sensitivity of the supercurrent to microwave irradiation. We demonstrate that the harmonic content of the current-phase relation is modified due to the energy redistribution of quasiparticles in the normal wire induced by the electromagnetic field. The distortion originates from the phase-dependent out-of-equilibrium distribution function which is strongly affected by the ac-response of the spectral supercurrent. For phases close to $\pi$, transitions accross the Andreev gap are dynamically favored leading to a supercurrent reduction. T…

Numerical procedures and their practical application in PV modules’ analyses. Part II: Useful fractions and APE

2019

Abstract The article regards aspects of PV modules tested with the use of natural sunlight. The analysis of spectral structure of solar energy resources in southern Poland, carried out on the basis of meteorological data originating from SolarLab PW Wroclaw and AGH Krakow, Poland [ 1 ] was used in the article. It is a continuation of the article: Analysis of solar energy resources in southern Poland for photovoltaic applications [ 1 ], describing the method to determine spectral parameters of average photon energy (APE) and useful fraction (UF) with the use of a solar radiation spectrum simulator. This article, however, includes an experimental presentation of their impact on PV conversion …

Beam test results of IHEP-NDL Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGAD)

2020

A High-Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) is proposed based on the Low-Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) for the ATLAS experiment to satisfy the time resolution requirement for the up-coming High Luminosity at LHC (HL-LHC). We report on beam test results for two proto-types LGADs (BV60 and BV170) developed for the HGTD. Such modules were manufactured by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) collaborated with Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of the Beijing Normal University. The beam tests were performed with 5 GeV electron beam at DESY. The timing performance of the LGADs was compared to a trigger counter consisting of a quartz bar coupled to a SiPM read…

Evaluation of the original dose in irradiated dried fruit by EPR spectroscopy

2011

Abstract The electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) is one of the physical methods, recommended by the European Committee for Standardization, for the identification of irradiated food containing cellulose, such as dried fruit. In this work the applicability of EPR as identification method of irradiated pistachios, hazelnuts, peanuts, chestnuts, pumpkin seeds is evaluated; the time stability of the radiation induced signal is studied and the single aliquot additive dose method is used to evaluate the dose in the product.

Residual antibacterial activity of a new modified sodium hypochlorite-based endodontic irrigation solution

2010

Objective: In this in vitro study the antibacterial substantivity of a new sodium hypochlorite-based root canal irrigant (Hypoclean) in bovine root dentin was investigated. Study Design: Ninety dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were used. After contamination for 14 days with Enterococcus faecalis, the specimens were divided into five groups as follows: Hypoclean; Tetraclean; 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). Dentin chips were collected with round burs into tryptic soy broth and after culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. Results: The number of CFU was minimum in t…

Neutron irradiation defects in gallium sulfide: Optical absorption measurements

1997

Gallium sulfide single crystals have been irradiated with different thermal neutron doses. Defects introduced by neutron irradiation turn out to be optically active, giving rise to absorption bands with energies ranging from 1.2 to 3.2 eV. Bands lying in the band-gap exhibit Gaussian shape. Their energies and widths are independent of the irradiation dose, but their intensities are proportional to it. Thermal annealing is completed in two stages, ending at around 500 and 720 K, respectively. Centers responsible for the absorption bands are proposed to be gallium-vacancy-galliuminterstitial complexes in which the distance between the vacancy (acceptor) and the interstitial (donor) determines…

Closed-form solutions of the energy balance equation for drip laterals under the Darcy-Weisbach resistance formula

2018

Many studies have investigated easy methods to design drip laterals, as well as the best resistance equation to use, which is fundamental to accurately account for friction losses. This paper addresses both the features of lateral design relationships and the influence of the friction-loss equation on the design variables. First, simple closed-form solutions of the energy balance equation for both sloped and horizontal drip laterals are derived with the simplified Darcy-Weisbach resistance formula by assuming the Darcy friction factor as invariant versus the Reynolds number. Second, an error analysis is performed assuming the friction factor as constant in the design, which is compared to u…