Search results for " IRR."
showing 10 items of 798 documents
Thermoeconomic Analysis Under Dynamic Operating Conditions for Space Heating and Cooling Systems in Small Residential Buildings
2018
Due to the social concern for energy savings and ecological improvement necessity in the performance of buildings, new analysis tools emerged. Thermoeconomics connects the physics and economics of energy conversion processes through the second law of thermodynamics. A limited number of thermoeconomic applications in buildings have been proposed, due to the difficulties in dealing with very irregular energy load profiles and unsteady plant operating conditions, which require the use of dynamic approaches that increase the complexity of the method. The present study highlights the potential of thermoeconomics as a support for decision making, due to the capability to identify trade-offs betwe…
Synthesis and characterization of CdS nanoparticles embedded in a polymethylmethacrylate matrix
2005
CdS nanopowder capped with sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate was synthesized by using water-in-oil microemulsions. The CdS nanoparticles of about 5 nm obtained were embedded in polymethylmethacrylate matrix by a photocuring process. The transparent yellow solid compound was characterized by optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The properties of this compound were compared with those of the nanopowder dispersed in heptane and in methylmethacrylate. The results obtained indicate that the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix and do not change in size during the embedding…
Proposal for SPS beam time for the baby MIND and TASD neutrino detector prototypes
2014
The design, construction and testing of neutrino detector prototypes at CERN are ongoing activities. This document reports on the design of solid state baby MIND and TASD detector prototypes and outlines requirements for a test beam at CERN to test these, tentatively planned on the H8 beamline in the North Area, which is equipped with a large aperture magnet. It is hoped that this will allow for the current proposal to be considered in light of the recently approved projects related to neutrino activities with the SPS in the North Area in the medium term 2015-2020. The design, construction and testing of neutrino detector prototypes at CERN are ongoing activities. This document reports on t…
Intrinsic defects induced by β-irradiation in silica
2002
We report an electron paramagnetic resonance study of defects induced by β-irradiation in natural and synthetic samples of high purity commercial silica. Data are collected for the E′ centers and a resonance satellite signal split by 1.36 mT. By comparison with the effects of γ-irradiation it is shown that the mechanisms of defect generation are the same for the two irradiation sources and that in the high-dose limit they involve intrinsic defects of the glassy matrix. Moreover, the high concentration of defects generated by β-irradiation modifies the EPR spectrum due to spin–spin interaction.
Large eddy simulations on the effect of the irregular roughness shape on turbulent channel flows
2019
Abstract Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are carried out to investigate on the mean flow in turbulent channel flows over irregular rough surfaces. Here the attention is focused to selectively investigate on the effect induced by crests or cavities of the roughness. The irregular shape is generated through the super-imposition of sinusoidal functions having random amplitude and four different wave-lengths. The irregular roughness profile is reproduced along the spanwise direction in order to obtain a 2D rough shape. The analysis of the mean velocity profiles shows that roughness crests induce higher effect in the outer-region whereas roughness cavities cause the highest effects in the inner-reg…
The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents
2010
In women, the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has become broad and includes several possible phenotypes. Because several features of PCOS may be in evolution in adolescents, we suggest that only firm criteria should be used to make a diagnosis of PCOS during adolescence. Hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and ovarian morphology change during adolescence and are discussed individually. Adolescents with incomplete criteria for a firm diagnosis of PCOS should be followed up carefully and may be diagnosed at a later time.
Helical Tomotherapy® is a safe and feasible technique for total scalp irradiation
2017
Angiosarcoma of the scalp is a rare aggressive tumor that affects elderly patients. Chemoradiation is the treatment of choice for multicentric and extensive disease. The shape of the scalp represents a dosimetric challenge in terms of achieving a homogeneous concave dose distribution with coverage of the entire target volume and an acceptable organs-at-risk sparing. We report a case of an 81-year-old man with a multifocal angiosarcoma of the scalp treated with Helical TomoTherapy® (Accuray Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) intensity modulated radiotherapy. This technique allows precise and daily verifiable coverage of the target keeping the dose to the organs at risk within the constraints.
Farmers’ autonomous management or state regulation? The consolidation of local irrigation associations in Spain (nineteenth to twentieth centuries)
2019
AbstractThe collective management of irrigation is an essential factor in agrarian development, both present and past. However, the relationship of irrigation associations with the state remains underexplored, despite the increasingly important role played by water policies in the modern world. The present article examines this relationship in Spain over the last two centuries. Our results suggest that, first, the state played a decisive part in the emergence and evolution of irrigation associations, and this belies the assumption of the traditional origin of these institutions; second, that farmers, despite being subject to the regulatory framework, enjoyed substantial autonomy in the mana…
HUMAN SMUGGLING AND IRREGULAR IMMIGRATION IN THE EU: FROM COMPLICITY TO EXPLOITATION?
2016
The paper provides a comparative analysis of the EU and the UN to the fight against smuggling. The two approaches are considerably different; and, since the one in the UN documents is more respectful of the smuggled migrants' rights, the paper suggests that a similar approach should also be embraced by the EU documents.
Effects induced by 4.7 eV UV laser irradiation on pure silica core multimode optical fibers investigated by in situ optical absorption measurements
2011
We investigated by in situ optical absorption measurements the effects induced by 4.7 eV UV laser irradiation on pure silica core optical fibers. Laser irradiation with 100 MWcm−2 laser intensity generates in the fiber E′ centers which partially decay after irradiation due to their reaction with diffusing H2. An absorption band peaked at 5.3 eV is observed to grow in the post-irradiation stage with a kinetics anti-correlated to the decay of the 5.8 eV band of the E′ centers. The defect absorbing at 5.3 eV is proposed to be formed by trapping on pre-existing precursors of hydrogen atoms made available by breaking of H2 on E′.We also show by repeated irradiation experiments that the 5.3 eV-ab…