Search results for " IS"

Hydrochemical mercury distribution and air-sea exchange over the submarine hydrothermal vents off-shore Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Tyrrhenian Sea)

2017

Abstract There is a growing concern about the mercury (Hg) vented from submarine hydrothermal fluids to the marine surrounding and exchange of dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM) between the sea surface and the atmosphere. A geochemical survey of thermal waters collected from submarine vents at Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) was carried out in 2015 (15–17th June and 17–18th November), in order to investigate the concentration of Hg species in hydrothermal fluids and the vertical distribution in the overlying water column close to the submarine exhalative area. Specific sampling methods were employed by Scuba divers at five submarine vents located along the main regional tecton…

Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of ontogenetically old, long-lived bivalve shells (Arctica islandica) and their function as paleotemperature proxies

2011

International audience; The Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of many biogenic skeletons provide useful paleotemperature estimates. As yet however, it has remained largely impossible to obtain such information from bivalve shells. In the present study, metal-to-calcium values in the hinge plate (aragonite, outer shell layer) of four ontogenetically old (85 to 374 year-old) specimens of the long-lived bivalve, Arctica islandica, were measured on a LA-ICP-MS. The shells were collected alive in 1868, 1986 and 2003 from three different localities around Iceland. With increasing ontogenetic age and decreasing growth rate, a distinct trend toward increasing Sr/Ca (max. 5.17 mmol/mol) and Mg/Ca values (max. …

A review of mental health and wellbeing under climate change in small island developing states (SIDS)

2021

AbstractSmall island developing states (SIDS) are often at the forefront of climate change impacts, including those related to health, but information on mental health and wellbeing is typically underreported. To help address this research lacuna, this paper reviews research about mental health and wellbeing under climate change in SIDS. Due to major differences in the literature’s methodologies, results, and analyses, the method is an overview and qualitative evidence synthesis of peer-reviewed publications. The findings show that mental health and wellbeing in the context of climate change have yet to feature prominently and systematically in research covering SIDS. It seems likely that m…

Integrated biomonitoring of airborne pollutants over space and time using tree rings, bark, leaves and epiphytic lichens

2016

The integrated use of tree rings and outer tissues, and lichens, was tested for monitoring how pollutant concentrations vary in space and over time nearby an incinerator in industrial area in Central Italy. Trace elements in thalli of lichen Xanthoria parietina and in leaves, bark, wood of Quercus pubescens, as well as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen isotope ratios in tree rings were analyzed. Some trace elements in the leaves differed significantly between the plots, though this was not the case in lichens and bark. The values of δ13C and δ18O showed the same trend in all plots, while the values of δ15N were higher in the distal plot. The results indicated that trace elements were intercepted …

Coping with the impacts of Urban Heat Islands A literature based study on understanding urban heat vulnerability and the need for resilience in citie…

2018

The urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon whereby temperature levels in urban areas are higher than in surrounding rural settings. Urban heat islands are a matter of increasing concern, since they can affect communities by exacerbating air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (due to the greater use of air conditioning) and the occurrence of heat-related illness, and may lead to higher levels of mortality. This paper provides a description of the phenomena of (UHI) and an analysis of how cities are vulnerable to it. It highlights the need for resilience and the variety of means by which the UHI can be tackled. It describes a set of trends in two regions in Germany and Australia, which i…

Geodynamic control on carbonate diagenesis: Petrographic and isotopic investigation of the Upper Jurassic formations of the Paris Basin (France).

2007

23 pages; International audience; The Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian carbonates of the eastern edge of the Paris Basin display poor reservoir properties (Φb15% and Kb0.1 md). The petrographic investigation and the resultant paragenetic sequence show that this is due to extensive precipitation of 2 types of almost synchronous blocky LMC (Low Magnesian Calcite) cements during mesogenesis (burial). Stable isotope investigation of these non-recrystallized cements, through both microdrilling sampling and in-situ SIMS (Secondary IonMass Spectrometry) analysis, shows that they originated from slightly buffered meteoric fluids (−3‰SMOW to −8‰SMOW) flowing through the Malm carbonate aquifers of the east…

Evolution of the neodymium isotopic signature of neritic seawater on a northwestern Pacific margin: new constrains on possible end-members for the co…

2013

11 pages; International audience; The Neodymium(Nd) isotope composition of fish remains has beenwidely used to track past changes in oceanic circulation. Although the number of published Nd isotope data for the Cretaceous has markedly increased in the last years, no consensus has been reached on the structure of the oceanic circulation and its evolution during the Late Cretaceous. Yet this period is characterised bymajor geodynamical and climatic changes andmarked by the disappearance of global oceanic anoxic events inwhich changes in oceanic circulation modesmay have played a significant role. In this study we present the first record of Nd isotopic composition of fish remains from contine…

13C composition of dissolved organic carbon in upland forested catchments of the Morvan Mountains (France): Influence of coniferous and deciduous veg…

2007

10 pages; International audience; One of the main environmental changes caused by human activities is that of land use. These changes influence the quantity and quality of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluxes through the vegetation–soil–stream system. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of the substitution of native deciduous forests by well managed coniferous forests on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fluxes and their associated carbon isotopic composition (d13CDOC). DOC fluxes and d13CDOC were monitored for 2 years in the streams of four similar upland forested catchments in the Morvan Mountains (France). Mean annual DOC concentrations and fluxes were 2–4 times lower in …

2017

Abstract. Mollusks record valuable information in their hard parts that reflect ambient environmental conditions. For this reason, shells can serve as excellent archives to reconstruct past climate and environmental variability. However, animal physiology and biomineralization, which are often poorly understood, can make the decoding of environmental signals a challenging task. Many of the routinely used shell-based proxies are sensitive to multiple different environmental and physiological variables. Therefore, the identification and interpretation of individual environmental signals (e.g., water temperature) often is particularly difficult. Additional proxies not influenced by multiple en…

Warm season precipitation signal in δ 2 H values of wood lignin methoxyl groups from high elevation larch trees in Switzerland

2017

RATIONALE In this study, we tested stable hydrogen isotope ratios of wood lignin methoxyl groups (δ 2Hmethoxyl values) as a palaeoclimate proxy in dendrochronology. This is a quite new method in the field of dendrochronology and the sample preparation is much simpler than the methods used before to measure δ2H values from wood. METHODS We measured δ 2Hmethoxyl values in high elevation larch trees (Larix decidua Mill.) from Simplon Valley (southern Switzerland). Thirty-seven larch trees were sampled and five individuals analysed for their δ 2Hmethoxyl values at annual (1971-2009) and pentadal resolution (1746-2009). The δ 2Hmethoxyl values were measured as CH3I released upon treatment of the…