Search results for " Immune Response"

Preparation and characterization of a biologic scaffold from esophageal mucosa

2013

Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used to facilitate a constructive remodeling response in several types of tissue, including the esophagus. Surgical manipulation of the esophagus is often complicated by stricture, but preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the use of an ECM scaffold can mitigate stricture and promote a constructive outcome after resection of full circumference esophageal mucosa. Recognizing the potential benefits of ECM derived from homologous tissue (i.e., site-specific ECM), the objective of the present study was to prepare, characterize, and assess the in-vivo remodeling properties of ECM from porcine esophageal mucosa. The…

CD1a expression in primary breast cancer and lymph nodes: correlation with clinicopathological parameters.

2006

Chaperonin Hsp60 and Cancer Therapies

2020

The heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) is a chaperonin belonging to the chaperoning (chaperone) system that typically contributes to protein homeostasis inside mitochondria, but also plays various non-canonical roles unrelated to protein quality control beyond the organelle. Chaperonopathies are disorders in which chaperones play an etiologic-pathogenic role and contribute to the onset/progression of disease. Hsp60 chaperonopathies by mistake are diseases in which the chaperonin is apparently normal (as far as it can be determined with current methodologies) but it actively contributes to pathology, for example in certain types of cancer, and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. In cer…

Role of CD1A and HSP60 in the antitumoral response of oesophageal cancer

2011

Oesophageal cancer (OC) is one of the most common and severe forms of tumor. A wider knowledge of molecular mechanisms which lead to a normal epithelium becoming a neoplasm may reveal new strategies to improve treatment and outcome of this disease. In this review, we report recent findings concerning molecular events which take place during carcinogenesis of the oesophagus. In particular, we focus on the role of two molecules, CD1a and Hsp60, which are overexpressed in oesophageal and many other types of tumor. Both molecules may present tumor antigens and promote in situ the stimulation of an antitumoral immune activity. We suggest there is a synergistic action between these molecules. Fur…

Poly-functional immune response in HIV infection: a correlation between immunological and clinical status

2015

Aim: We analysed patient immunological status and serum cytokine profile to establish immune-activation state and afterwards the obtained data were correlated to viral activity and ARV therapy. Materials and Methods: 50 HIV-1 mono-infected patients (pt) were recruited: 5 naïve, 5 virologic controllers, 10 virologic non controllers (ARV drug-untreated pt with HIV viremia above 10,000 copies/ml), 20 virologic responders (ARV drug-treated pt with undetectable HIV viremia) and 10 virologic non responders patients (ARV drug-treated pt with HIV viremia ≥ 400 copies/ml). IFN- production and plasmatic cytokine pattern levels (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-β, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, IL-8, MIP-1 α, MIP-…

Role of sex and age in fatal outcomes of COVID-19: women and older centenarians are more resilient.

2023

In the present paper, we have analysed the role of age and sex in the fatal outcome of COVID-19, as there are conflicting results in the literature. As such, we have answered three controversial questions regarding this aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) Have women been more resilient than men? (2) Did centenarians die less than the remaining older people? (3) Were older centenarians more resistant to SARS-CoV-2 than younger centenarians? The literature review demonstrated that: (1) it is women who are more resilient, in agreement with data showing that women live longer than men even during severe famines and epidemics; however, there are conflicting data regarding centenarian men; (2) c…

African trypanosomes expressing multiple VSGs are rapidly eliminated by the host immune system

2019

Significance Many parasites escape the host immune system by undergoing antigenic variation, a process in which surface antigens are regularly shed and replaced by new ones. Trypanosoma brucei employs multiple sophisticated molecular mechanisms to ensure the expression of a homogeneous VSG coat. We generated a mutant parasite that expresses multiple distinct VSGs and studied the consequences of having a multi-VSG coat during an infection. We showed that expression of multiple VSGs makes the parasites more vulnerable to the immune response, which can now control the trypanosomes from the onset of the infection, allowing most mice to survive. In the future, trypanosome infections may be treat…

The immunological implications of the new Vitamin D metabolism

2018

Vitamin D is actually a neurohormone whose pleiotropic activities encompass regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism, cell proliferation and immunomodulation. Starting from a cutaneous compound, 2 hydroxylation steps are required to produce the active form of vitamin D3, named calcitriol [1, 25-(OH)2-cholecalciferol]. The second hydroxylation step may occur at different tis- sues and cell types, including kidney, lung, prostate, brain, immune cells and placenta. Based on the advancing knowledge of Cytochrome P450 functions, a new conception of Vitamin D metabolism emerged. It implies that, depending on the site where the second hydroxylation step occurs, the active hormone can act as a ca…

Etude physiopathologique de la réponse immunitaire au cours de la thrombopénie immunologique (purpura thrombopénique immunologique)

2010

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease responsible for a peripheral immune destruction of platelets associated with an inappropriate bone marrow production. In this work, we first review the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ITP. We also focus on the T cell immune response, highlighting the key role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral tolerance. The implication of the spleen in the immune response and the effects of rituximab, a B cell depleting therapy, are discussed. Then, our results obtained from 40 ITP patients are reported. Despite the fact that CD4+CD25HighFoxp3+ circulating Treg levels are similar between patients and controls, a significant increase …

Interaction between Medicago truncatula and the pathogenic oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches: effects of nitrogen nutrition and plant genotype

2015

Plants are under the constant threat of microbial pathogens. To defend themselves, plants have developed immune responses (including for example synthesis of antimicrobial secondary metabolites, production of PR proteins or reinforcement of cell wall) that can lead to resistance. However, these plant defense responses are costly and lead plants to continuously face a dilemma regarding the partitioning of their available resources. In order to better understand relationships between plant nutrition and defense, we analyzed the impact of nitrogen (N) nutrition on the capacity of different M. truncatula genotypes to resist against A. euteiches, the causal agent of legume root rot disease. N st…