Search results for " Infection"
showing 10 items of 3396 documents
Parasites as indicators of social structure and stock identity of marine mammals
1995
Abstract Introduction: the use of parasites as biological indicators of marine mammals has not yet received all the necessary attention. The aim of this review is to show the value of parasite data in studies of stock identity and social structure. Methods: the application of the technique to marine mammals is hampered by the lack of control over sampling conditions and the paucity of information about the biology of their parasites. Relevant criteria for, suitable parasite tags are discussed. Case studies: previous work on marine mammals is presented to illustrate the usefulness and limitations of parasite data. A study of pilot whales revealed that differences in helminth infections betwe…
O início de uma nova era: teste sistemático para patógenos causadores de infecções agudas das vias aéreas superiores (IVAS) em crianças
2007
On average humans get sick ten times per year. About six times the illness is due to an acute respiratory tract infection (ARI). Morbidity is especially high in children since they usually encounter the offending organism for the first time in their life; the lack of immunity results in shedding of the offending organisms in high numbers of prolonged time as compared to adults; their airways are smaller than those of adults and thus the inflammatory response leads to a more significant narrowing of the airways resulting in more severe disease; on average they have a high number of social contacts and also a more intimate contact with peers and caregivers alike resulting in a higher attack r…
Ansiedad social subclínica en adultos jóvenes sanos: cortisol y ansiedad subjetiva en respuesta a estrés agudo
2021
No existe consenso sobre el patrón de liberación de cortisol y su relación con la ansiedad subjetiva en situaciones de estrés en población con ansiedad social. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la respuesta de cortisol y ansiedad subjetiva en individuos con ansiedad social sometidos a un estresor psicosocial agudo. 26 universitarios (58.6% hombres), edad media = 21.62 ± 0.43, fueron expuestos a la versión estrés o control del Maastricht Acute Stress Test. El cortisol salival y la ansiedad subjetiva fueron medidos antes, durante y post-estrés. Los participantes mostraron un incremento en los niveles de cortisol durante las fases de estrés y post-estrés, con una respuesta significativamente may…
Seasonal population dynamics of Zeuxapta seriolae (Monogenea: Heteraxinidae) parasitising Seriola dumerili (Carangidae) in the Western Mediterranean.
2013
We examined the seasonal and yearly population dynamics of the monogenean pathogen Zeuxapta seriolae on juvenile fish from wild populations of Seriola dumerili. The study is based on bimonthly monitoring between April, 2005 and April, 2007 off Majorca, and newly obtained monogenean population data for juvenile fish from three additional localities in the Western Mediterranean (off Alicante, Corsica and Sardinia). We documented the highest intensities and abundances of Z. seriolae, with mean abundance values similar to or higher than those reported in the single case of wild fish mortalities reported to date. There was a recurrent pattern of seasonal change in infection with Z. seriolae in t…
Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Leishmania seropositivity in a sample population of Western Sicily (Italy)
2013
Background: Leishmania is a vector-borne parasite responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for Leishmania infantum seropositivity in a sample of Sicilian population.Methods: A total of 260 subjects were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and requested for an venous blood sample.Results: Overall, 36 subjects (13.8%) were seropositive against L. infantum with a statistically significant higher prevalence of positivity in older subjects (p=0.04). After adjustment for age, a higher risk for Leishmania seropositivity was found in subjects who had pets living outdoors and untreated with anti-p…
Food resources and intestinal parasites as limiting factors for boreal vole populations during winter
2014
Processes limiting the growth of cyclic vole populations have stimulated considerable research and debate over several decades. In Fennoscandia, the peak density of cyclic vole populations occurs in fall, and is followed by a severe winter decline. Food availability and intestinal parasites have been demonstrated to independently and synergistically limit wildlife populations. The purpose of this study was to directly compare competing food and parasite hypotheses on the limitation of overwintering high-density vole populations. Moreover, we evaluated the ability of food limitation and nematode infection to interact and thereby intensify population declines. A two-factor experiment with foo…
On the infracommunity structure of adult cestodes in freshwater fishes.
1990
The distribution–co-occurrence and exchange of adult cestode species in two fish communities (the Bothnian Bay and Lake Yli-Kitka both in Finland) was studied. Coexistence of two or more mature cestode species in the same fish host population was zero for all fish species studied (33) except pike in the Bothnian Bay and whitefish in the lake. It was found that 60% of the fish species studied in the Bothnian Bay and 80% of the fish species studied from Lake Yli-Kitka harboured only 1 mature cestode species. Exchange of adult cestode species between the different fish species in these two fish communities was found to be as rare as coexistence. The infra-community structure of adult cestodes …
Cannabis-associated symptom profiles in patients with first episode psychosis and population controls
2019
AbstractObjectiveThe evidence is mixed on whether cannabis use is associated with a particular symptomatology in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients.The authors set out to investigate a) patterns of association between cannabis use and transdiagnostic symptom dimensions; b) whether the extent of use of cannabis contributes to the variation in clinical and subclinical symptom profiles.MethodThe authors analysed data from 901 patients and 1235 controls recruited across six countries, as part of the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. Item response modelling was used to estimate two bifactor models, which included genera…
PO-0994 Ltri In Paediatrics: Analysis Of An Annual Survey
2014
Background and aims Lower tract respiratory infections (LTRI) are very frequent in paediatric population. We collected epidemiological, etiological and clinical data and correlated them to some variables. Methods We performed an observational study of all children with a LTRI, admitted to our Paediatric Unit from February 2013 to January 2014. The population was grouped in three classes of ages (0–2yr, 3–6yr, >6yr). All patients underwent to a questionnaire focused on exposition to protective and risk factors for respiratory diseases. Results 83 children were included. We grouped them according to discharge diagnosis and analysed the distribution for ages, sex and season of onset. At the ad…
Evidence that water transmits Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 infections to eels
1995
Vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is classically considered an obligate eel pathogen. However, it has recently been associated with one human septicemic case. In this paper, the opportunistic behavior of this pathogen is discussed. The bacterium can survive alone in brackish water or attached to eel surfaces for at least 14 days. It is able to spread through water and infect healthy eels by using skin as a portal of entry. These results suggest that water and infected eels may act as reservoirs of infection. A capsule seems to be essential for waterborne infectivity, which would explain why cells recovered from naturally diseased eels give rise to pure cultures of opaque colonies. The spread of t…