Search results for " Infectious Diseases"
showing 10 items of 138 documents
Faldaprevir (BI 201335), BI 207127 and ribavirin oral therapy for treatment-naive HCV genotype 1: SOUND-C1 final results
2013
Background Faldaprevir (BI 201335) and deleobuvir (BI 207127) are direct-acting antiviral agents under development for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. This article describes the final results of the Phase Ib SOUND-C1 study that evaluated the interferon-free oral combination of faldaprevir, deleobuvir and ribavirin in 32 treatment-naive patients infected with HCV genotype 1. Methods Patients were randomized to receive deleobuvir 400 mg ( n=15) or 600 mg ( n=17) three times daily plus faldaprevir 120 mg once daily and weight-based ribavirin for 4 weeks. Interferon-free therapy was followed by response-guided faldaprevir plus pegylated interferon-α2a/ribavirin to week 24 or 48. Results…
Invasion Ability and Disease Dynamics of Environmentally Growing Opportunistic Pathogens under Outside-Host Competition
2014
Most theories of the evolution of virulence concentrate on obligatory host-pathogen relationship. Yet, many pathogens replicate in the environment outside-host where they compete with non-pathogenic forms. Thus, replication and competition in the outside-host environment may have profound influence on the evolution of virulence and disease dynamics. These environmentally growing opportunistic pathogens are also a logical step towards obligatory pathogenicity. Efficient treatment methods against these diseases, such as columnaris disease in fishes, are lacking because of their opportunist nature. We present a novel epidemiological model in which replication and competition in the outside-hos…
Mammal assemblage composition predicts global patterns in emerging infectious disease risk
2021
Abstract As a source of emerging infectious diseases, wildlife assemblages (and related spatial patterns) must be quantitatively assessed to help identify high‐risk locations. Previous assessments have largely focussed on the distributions of individual species; however, transmission dynamics are expected to depend on assemblage composition. Moreover, disease–diversity relationships have mainly been studied in the context of species loss, but assemblage composition and disease risk (e.g. infection prevalence in wildlife assemblages) can change without extinction. Based on the predicted distributions and abundances of 4466 mammal species, we estimated global patterns of disease risk through …
First case in Italy of acquired resistance to oseltamivir in an immunocompromised patient with influenza A/H1N1v infection
2010
A pandemic influenza A/H1N1v strain with the neuraminidase H274Y mutation was detected in nasal secretions of a 2-year-old leukemic patient with influenza-like illness after 18 days of treatment with oseltamivir. At baseline, no drug-resistant virus was found, while 4 days after treatment initiation a mix- ture of wild-type and mutated virus was detected. After treatment interruption, the wild type influenza virus re-emerged and became prevalent in nasal secretions after a few days, suggesting the lower fitness of the mutated virus strain. The patient slowly improved concurrently with a decrease in virus load, which resulted negative 42 days after diagnosis. No other drug-resistant influenz…
The Cytokine GM-CSF Drives the Inflammatory Signature of CCR2+ Monocytes and Licenses Autoimmunity.
2015
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has emerged as a crucial cytokine produced by auto-reactive T helper (Th) cells that initiate tissue inflammation. Multiple cell types can sense GM-CSF, but the identity of the pathogenic GM-CSF-responsive cells is unclear. By using conditional gene targeting, we systematically deleted the GM-CSF receptor (Csf2rb) in specific subpopulations throughout the myeloid lineages. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) progressed normally when either classical dendritic cells (cDCs) or neutrophils lacked GM-CSF responsiveness. The development of tissue-invading monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) was also unperturbed upon Csf2r…
Die Cholera-Epidemie zu Riga im Jahre 1871: nebst einem Rückblick auf die früheren Cholera-Ausbrüche daselbst, nach Zählkarten der Gesellschaft prakt…
1886
Il consenso informato per l'effettuazione del test per la diagnosi di infezione da HIV: Come comportarsi in caso di minori
2008
AIDS is a clinical picture related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. In the last 20 years this infection has spread progressively, with approximately 2.4 million children under 15 years old now infected. The HIV antibody test is generally used to reveal the infection. In most European countries the test is voluntary; in Italy, implementation of the test is now regulated by Law 135/90. Art. 5 of the law states that the test is voluntary while informed consent is obligatory. However, nothing is stated concerning the child's consent. By contrast, other Italian laws (e.g., Law 194/78, Law 194/96 and DPR 309/90) establish that the physician should only accept the wishes of minors …
Rationale and evidence on the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19: a systematic review
2020
Abstract Background Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor-blocking agent proposed for the treatment of severe COVID-19. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the rationale for the use of tocilizumab for the treatment of COVID-19 and to summarize the available evidence regarding its efficacy and safety. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, pre-print repositories (bioRxiv and medRxiv) and two trial Registries were searched for studies on the use of tocilizumab in COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral pneumonia, and/or sepsis until 20th June 2020. Results We identified 3 indirect pre-clinical studies and 28 clinical studies including 5776 patients with COVID-19 (13 with a comparison group,…
Counseling intervention to improve quality of life in patients with pre-existing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or chronic obstructive pulmonary d…
2018
In the light of diagnostic and therapeutic advances, patients with a previous myocardial infarction or with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are vulnerable and need continuous monitoring over time. These pathological frameworks have a strong impact on the economy and on the status of the population and require effective and low-cost solutions.The objective of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy in the short term of a telephone counseling intervention to modify the lifestyles of these two patient populations.In May 2015, all the patients included in the study underwent a questionnaire to evaluate their eating and smoking habits and their quality of life. After…
New insights in pediatrics in 2021: choices in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infecti…
2022
AbstractIn this review, we report the developments across pediatric subspecialties that have been published in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics in 2021. We highlight advances in allergy and immunology, critical care, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, hematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, neurology, nutrition, palliative care, respiratory tract illnesses and telemedicine.