Search results for " Infectious diseases"

Visceral leishmaniasis, hypertriglyceridemia and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

2016

cytokines, an upregulation of adhesion molecules and MHC I and II molecules on mono/macrophages, and an expansion of inflammatory monocytes. This exaggerated inflammatory response is responsible for necrosis and organ failure and results in uncontrolled proliferation and phagocytic activity of histiocytes [2]. Hypertriglyceridemia (fasting, greater than or equal to 265 mg/100 ml) is one of the current diagnostic criteria for HLH [2]. Several studies link hypertriglyceridemia to inhibition of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and TNF-α is a powerful autocrine and paracrine regulator of adipose tissue [3]. Indeed, many different sources of intense and prolonged T-ly…

Die Lepra in Riga, ihre Ausbreitung und Bekämpfung: Vortrag, gehalten am 22. April 1911 in der Gesellschaft für kommunale Sozialpolitik in Riga

1911

"Als Manuskript gedruckt für die Mitglieder der Gesellschaft für kommunale Sozialpolitik in Riga."

Advances in pediatrics in 2017: current practices and challenges in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseas…

2018

Abstract This review provides an overview of a remarkable number of significant studies in pediatrics that have been published over the past year in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics. We have selected information from papers presented in the Journal that deal with allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology. The relevant epidemiologic findings, and developments in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the last year have been discussed and placed in context. We think that advances achieved in 2017 will help readers to make the future of patients better.

A return to humane medicine: Osler's legacy.

2017

Sir William Osler is celebrated today not only for his contributions to the advancement of medical education, but also for the humanism he brought to the practice of medicine. He was a doctor whose bedside skills and manners were emulated, and can legitimately be called an infectious diseases specialist. Nonetheless, he was also a humanist in the broader sense of the term, a student of human affairs and human nature, who emphasised compassion for the individual. To what extent, if any, are today's challenges influenced by departures from the paradigms created by Osler? In this paper we sought to ascertain whether such a tradition is still relevant to current practice and may foster a new pe…

Comment on “Worldwide Distribution of PK Deficiency: the Defect Seems Mainly Concentrated in West African Countries and the United States.”

2021

Strategies for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion in Urban Areas: The Erice 50 Charter

2017

The Erice 50 Charter titled "Strategies for Diseases Prevention and Health Promotion in Urban Areas" was unanimously approved at the conclusion of the 50th Residential Course "Urban Health. Instruments for promoting health and for assessing hygienic and sanitary conditions in urban areas", held from 29th March to 2nd April 2017 in Erice, at the "Ettore Majorana" Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture and promoted by the International School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine "G. D'Alessandro" and the Study Group "Building Hygiene" of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SItI). At the conclusion of the intense learning experience during the Course…

Definition of criteria and indicators for the prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) in hospitals for the purposes of Italian institut…

2017

Background. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important issue in terms of quality of care. HAIs impact patient safety by contributing to higher rates of preventable mortality and prolonged hospita- lizations. In Italy, analysis of the currently available accreditation systems shows a substantial heteroge- neity of approaches for the prevention and surveillance of HAIs in hospitals. The aim of the present study is to develop and propose the use of a synthetic assessment tool that could be implemented homogenously throughout the nation. Methods. An analysis of nine international and of the 21 Italian regional accreditation systems was conducted in order to identify requirements a…

New active drugs against liver stages of Plasmodium predicted by molecular topology.

2008

ABSTRACT We conducted a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study based on a database of 127 compounds previously tested against the liver stage of Plasmodium yoelii in order to develop a model capable of predicting the in vitro antimalarial activities of new compounds. Topological indices were used as structural descriptors, and their relation to antimalarial activity was determined by using linear discriminant analysis. A topological model consisting of two discriminant functions was created. The first function discriminated between active and inactive compounds, and the second identified the most active among the active compounds. The model was then applied sequentially t…

Exceptional Heterogeneity in Viral Evolutionary Dynamics Characterises Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

2016

The treatment of HCV infection has seen significant progress, particularly since the approval of new direct-acting antiviral drugs. However these clinical achievements have been made despite an incomplete understanding of HCV replication and within-host evolution, especially compared with HIV-1. Here, we undertake a comprehensive analysis of HCV within-host evolution during chronic infection by investigating over 4000 viral sequences sampled longitudinally from 15 HCV-infected patients. We compare our HCV results to those from a well-studied HIV-1 cohort, revealing key differences in the evolutionary behaviour of these two chronic-infecting pathogens. Notably, we find an exceptional level o…

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Testing Strategies that Use Antibody Levels to Detect Chronic Hepatitis C in Blood Donors.

2016

Aim. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of seven hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing strategies in blood donors. Methods. Three of the seven strategies were based on HCV diagnosis and reporting guidelines in Mexico and four were from previous and current recommendations outlined by the CDC. The strategies that were evaluated determine antibody levels according to the signal-to-cut-off (S/CO) ratio and use reflex Immunoblot (IMB) or HCV RNA tests to confirm true positive (TP) cases of chronic HCV infection. Costs were calculated from the perspective of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). A decision tree model was developed to estimate the expected number of true positive cas…