Search results for " Infectious"

HIV infection with viro-immunological dissociation in a patient with polycystic kidney disease: Candidate for transplantation?

2016

Highlights • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common among inherited cystic kidney diseases. • Patients with HIV infection are at risk of developing acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. • We provide the first report of HIV infection in a patient with polycystic kidney disease. • Lymphopenia should not contraindicate kidney transplantation in patients with HIV infection.

Guidelines for the Direct Detection ofAnaplasmaspp. in Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies

2017

The genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) comprises obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria that are mainly transmitted by ticks, and currently includes six species: Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma centrale, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, and Anaplasma ovis. These have long been known as etiological agents of veterinary diseases that affect domestic and wild animals worldwide. A zoonotic role has been recognized for A. phagocytophilum, but other species can also be pathogenic for humans. Anaplasma infections are usually challenging to diagnose, clinically presenting with nonspecific symptoms that vary greatly depending on the agent involved, th…

2021

Multiple global change pressures, and their interplay, cause plant-pollinator extinctions and modify species assemblages and interactions. This may alter the risks of pathogen host shifts, intra- or interspecific pathogen spread, and emergence of novel population or community epidemics. Flowers are hubs for pathogen transmission. Consequently, the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks may be pivotal in pathogen host shifts and modulating disease dynamics. Traits of plants, pollinators, and pathogens may also govern the interspecific spread of pathogens. Pathogen spillover-spillback between managed and wild pollinators risks driving the evolution of virulence and community epide…

Face masks effectively limit the probability of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

2021

Masking out air sharing The effectiveness of masks in preventing the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been debated since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. One important question is whether masks are effective despite the forceful expulsion of respiratory matter during coughing and sneezing. Cheng et al. convincingly show that most people live in conditions in which the airborne virus load is low. The probability of infection changes nonlinearly with the amount of respiratory matter to which a person is exposed. If most people in the wider community wear even simple surgical masks, then the probability of an encounter with a virus particle is even fur…

Covid-19: A new challenge for forensic medicine

2020

Infekcija un imunitāte

1931

Nodaļas: I. Infekcija 1. Mācība par infekciju savā attīstības gaitā 2. Infekcijas slimību vispārējais raksturojums 3. Sīkbūtnes, kā infekciju slimība cēloņi, un viņu darbības veids organismā 4. Patogēno mikrobu virulence (patogenitāte) 5. Infekcijas slimību izplatīšanās un pielipšanas veidi 6. Infekcijas slimību dīgļu iekļūšanas ceļi organismā 7. Pašinfekcija 8. Jauktā un sekundārā infekcija 9. Inkubācijas laiks 10. Infekcijas dīgļu un viņu kaitīgo vielu izplatīšanās veidi organismā 11. Patogēnās sīkbūtnes II. Imunitāte 1. Organisma aizsargu un cīņas līdzekļi pret infekciju 2. Pretvielu rašanās 3. Antitoksīni 4. Aglutinīni 5. Precipitīni 6. Lizīni 7. Oposinini un bakteriotropini 8. Ehrlicha…

Endocarditis due to Abiotrophia defectiva, a biofilm-related infection associated with the presence of fixed braces

2017

Abstract Rationale: Endocarditis with Abiotrophia defectiva represents 4.3% to 6% of all streptococcal endocarditis. The article presents diagnosis issues and the complexity of the treatment. Patient concerns: We present the case of a female white patient, aged 26 years, who developed infectious endocarditis caused by A defectiva, in the last trimester of pregnancy, a biofilm-related infection associated with the presence of fixed braces. Diagnoses: The diagnosis of infectious endocarditis was confirmed by the cardiac ultrasound examination that revealed a voluminous vegetation on the mitral valve, and acute mitral regurgitation caused by chordae tendinae rupture, and also by isolating Abio…

Plasma granulysin levels and cellular interferon-gamma production correlate with curative host responses in tuberculosis, while plasma interferon-gam…

2007

Contains fulltext : 52707.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Granulysin is a recently identified cytolytic protein which is expressed by human cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and natural killer (NK)-cells, and has broad antimicrobial and tumoricidal activity. Circulating granulysin levels are associated with T- and NK-cell activity, and may thus reflect protection-associated cellular immune responses. In a case-control study in Indonesia, a highly tuberculosis (TB)-endemic country, we therefore determined plasma granulysin levels in adults with active pulmonary TB before, during, and after TB treatment, both in mild/moderate-TB and advanced-TB patients, and compared these to healthy neighbo…

Long-term CD4+ T-cell count evolution after switching from regimens including HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) plus protease in…

2011

Abstract Background Data regarding CD4+ recovery after switching from protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens to regimens not containing PI are scarce. Methods Subjects with virological success on first-PI-regimens who switched to NNRTI therapy (NNRTI group) or to nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NRTI)-only (NRTI group) were studied. The effect of the switch on the ongoing CD4+ trend was assessed by two-phase linear regression (TPLR), allowing us to evaluate whether a change in the CD4+ trend (hinge) occurred and the time of its occurrence. Furthermore, we described the evolution of the frequencies in CD4-count classes across four relevant time-points (baseline, before and immediately after…

Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated gynecological alteration in mothers of children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis during long-term obs…

2007

Abstract Background : Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most frequently observed sexually transmitted infections. The study' purpose was to investigate the relation between a mother's gynecological history and the local status of her child with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Methods : Forty-two patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study between 1983 and 1990. The study included patients with juvenile-onset and adult-onset RRP. All patients underwent surgery and treatment with α-interferon. Thirty-eight patients were followed up until 31.01.2006. Twenty-five mothers of these patients participated in a parallel prospective study of genital HPV infection. In 1989…