Search results for " Inference"

A Bayesian Learning Automaton for Solving Two-Armed Bernoulli Bandit Problems

2008

The two-armed Bernoulli bandit (TABB) problem is a classical optimization problem where an agent sequentially pulls one of two arms attached to a gambling machine, with each pull resulting either in a reward or a penalty. The reward probabilities of each arm are unknown, and thus one must balance between exploiting existing knowledge about the arms, and obtaining new information. In the last decades, several computationally efficient algorithms for tackling this problem have emerged, with learning automata (LA) being known for their ?-optimality, and confidence interval based for logarithmically growing regret. Applications include treatment selection in clinical trials, route selection in …

Job preservation efforts: when does job insecurity prompt performance?

2020

PurposeWhile job insecurity generally impedes performance, there may be circumstances under which it can prompt performance. The purpose of this paper is to examine a specific situation (reorganization) in which job insecurity may prompt task and contextual performance. The authors propose that performance can represent a job preservation strategy, to which employees may only resort when supervisor-issued ratings of performance are instrumental toward securing one’s job. The authors hypothesize that because of this instrumentality, job insecurity will motivate employees’ performance only when they have low intrinsic motivation, and only when they perceive high distributive justice.Design/me…

Prosociality as a mediator between teacher collaboration and turnover intention

2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of prosociality, which is defined in terms of helping and benefitting others, between teacher collaboration and their turnover intentions. Prosociality was measured as prosocial impact and prosocial motivation.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey of 260 elementary and junior high school teachers in Japan. A structural equational model was employed to examine the mediating roles of prosocial impact and prosocial motivation in the relationships between teacher collaboration and their turnover intention.FindingsThe results, first, supported the hypotheses: the high perception o…

Diversity and Evolution of papillomaviruses

2017

1.1. Introducción Con el fin de averiguar las causas de las devastadoras epidemias de finales del siglo XIX, se llevaron a cabo diferentes estudios que dieron como resultado la identificación de unos nuevos agentes infecciosos, para los que se acuñó el nombre de “virus”. Desde entonces el descubrimiento de nuevos virus ha sido incesante, lo que llevó, en los años 70, a la creación de un organismo encargado de desarrollar, refinar y mantener la clasificación taxonómica de los virus, el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía Viral (ICTV), en el seno de la Unión Internacional de Sociedades Microbiológicas (IUMS). En 2014 este organismo había reconocido 3.186 especies virales pertenecientes a 104 fa…

Estimators and confidence intervals of f2 using bootstrap methodology for the comparison of dissolution profiles

2021

Abstract Background and objectives: The most widely used method to compare dissolution profiles is the similarity factor f 2 . When this method is not applicable, the confidence interval of f 2 using bootstrap methodology has been recommended instead. As neither details of the estimator nor the types of confidence intervals are described in the guidelines, the suitability of five estimators and fourteen types of confidence intervals were investigated in this study by simulation. Methods: One million individual dissolution profiles were simulated for the reference and test populations with predefined target population f 2 values, where random samples of different sizes were drawn without rep…

Statistical inference in abstracts of 3 influential clinical pharmacology journals analysed using a text‐mining algorithm

2021

Aim To describe the trend in the prevalence of statistical inference in three influential clinical pharmacology journals METHODS: We applied a computer-based algorithm to abstracts of three clinical pharmacology journals published in 1976 to 2016 to identify statistical inference and its subtypes. Furthermore, we manually reviewed a random sample of 300 articles to access algorithm's performance in finding statistical inference in abstracts and as a screening tool for presence and absence of statistical inference in full text. Result The algorithm identified 59% (13,375/22,516 [mid p 95% CI, 59%-60%]) article abstracts with statistical inference. The percentage of abstracts with statistical…

Book Review: Another Science Is Possible

2018

Exploring gravitational-wave detection and parameter inference using deep learning methods

2020

The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.10425.

Was there an early reionization component in our universe?

2017

A deep understanding of the Epoch of Reionization is still missing in our knowledge of the universe. While future probes will allow us to test the precise evolution of the free electron fraction from redshifts between $z\simeq 6$ and $z\simeq 20$, at present one could ask what kind of reionization processes are allowed by present Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization measurements. An early contribution to reionization could imply a departure from the standard picture where star formation determines the reionization onset. BBy considering a broad class of possible reionization parameterizations, we find that current data do not require an early reionization component in ou…

Likelihood approach to the first dark matter results from XENON100

2011

Many experiments that aim at the direct detection of Dark Matter are able to distinguish a dominant background from the expected feeble signals, based on some measured discrimination parameter. We develop a statistical model for such experiments using the Profile Likelihood ratio as a test statistic in a frequentist approach. We take data from calibrations as control measurements for signal and background, and the method allows the inclusion of data from Monte Carlo simulations. Systematic detector uncertainties, such as uncertainties in the energy scale, as well as astrophysical uncertainties, are included in the model. The statistical model can be used to either set an exclusion limit or …