Search results for " Innate"
showing 10 items of 296 documents
The Abundant Tegument Protein pUL25 of Human Cytomegalovirus Prevents Proteasomal Degradation of pUL26 and Supports Its Suppression of ISGylation
2018
The tegument of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions contains proteins that interfere with both the intrinsic and the innate immunity. One protein with a thus far unknown function is pUL25. The deletion of pUL25 in a viral mutant (Towne-ΔUL25) had no impact on the release of virions and subviral dense bodies or on virion morphogenesis. Proteomic analyses showed few alterations in the overall protein composition of extracellular particles. A surprising result, however, was the almost complete absence of pUL26 in virions and dense bodies of Towne-ΔUL25 and a reduction of the large isoform pUL26-p27 in mutant virus-infected cells. pUL26 had been shown to inhibit protein conjugation with the in…
Cellular effects of bacterial N-3-Oxo-dodecanoyl-L-Homoserine lactone on the sponge Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792): insights into an intimate inte…
2014
International audience; Sponges and bacteria have lived together in complex consortia for 700 million years. As filter feeders, sponges prey on bacteria. Nevertheless, some bacteria are associated with sponges in symbiotic relationships. To enable this association, sponges and bacteria are likely to have developed molecular communication systems. These may include molecules such as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones, produced by Gram-negative bacteria also within sponges. In this study, we examined the role of N-3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) on the expression of immune and apoptotic genes of the host sponge Suberites domuncula. This molecule seemed to inhibit the sponge inn…
Proteomics of Galápagos Marine Iguanas Links Function of Femoral Gland Proteins to the Immune System
2020
Femoral glands secrete a wax-like substance on the inner side of lizard hind legs, which is thought to function as a mode of chemical communication. Though the minor volatile fraction is well studied, the major protein fraction remains enigmatic. Here, we use proteomics to analyze proteins in femoral gland secretions of the Galápagos marine iguana. Although we found no evidence for proteins and peptides involved in chemical communication, we found several immune-regulatory proteins which also demonstrate anti-microbial functions. Accordingly, we show that femoral gland proteins and peptides function as a barrier against microbial infection and may prevent the rapid degradation of volatile s…
Against all odds: anti-IgE for intrinsic asthma?
2013
For many years, pathogenetic concepts and the results of clinical trials supported the view that anti-IgE treatment is specifically effective in allergic asthma. However, there is now growing clinical and mechanistic evidence suggesting that treatment with the anti-IgE antibody omalizumab can be effective in patients with intrinsic asthma. Therefore, large and well-controlled clinical trials with anti-IgE are urgently warranted in patients with intrinsic asthma. In addition, there is a need to find new biomarkers which can identify patients with asthma who respond to anti-IgE treatment.
Airway inflammation in healthy smokers
2012
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor associated with lung cancer and many other neoplasms of various organs, coronary artery disease and numerous vascular disorders, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and other types of lung diseases [13]. Much work has been done on the in vitro and ex vivo carcinogenetic effects of tobacco smoking while the effects of smoking on innate and adaptive immune function have been studied to a lesser degree. Recent data suggests that cigarette smoke alters the functions of the immune system and increases susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections [4-6]. In the respiratory system along the last years many studies have depicted the changes induced by …
mRNA as a versatile tool for exogenous protein expression.
2012
Several viral and non-viral vectors have been developed for exogenous protein expression in specific cells. Conventionally, this purpose is achieved through the use of recombinant DNA. But mainly due to the risks associated with permanent genetic alteration of cells, safety and ethical concerns have been raised for the use of DNA-based vectors in human clinical therapy. In the last years, synthetic messenger RNA has emerged as powerful tool to deliver genetic information. RNA vectors exhibit several advantages compared to DNA and are particularly interesting for applications that require transient gene expression. RNA stability and translation efficiency can be increased by cis-acting struc…
Lipid presentation by the protein C receptor links coagulation with autoimmunity.
2021
A lipid-protein autoimmunity target Several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome, are characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). These molecules can activate the complement and coagulation cascades, which contributes to pathologies such as thrombosis, stroke, and pregnancy complications. Müller-Calleja et al. found that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in complex with lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) is the cell-surface target for aPL and mediates its internalization (see the Perspective by Kaplan). aPL binding to EPCR-LBPA resulted in the activation of tissue factor–mediated coagulation and interfero…
Protection from lethal septic peritonitis by neutralizing the biological function of interleukin 27
2006
The immune response to bacterial infections must be tightly controlled to guarantee pathogen elimination while preventing tissue damage by uncontrolled inflammation. Here, we demonstrate a key role of interleukin (IL)-27 in regulating this critical balance. IL-27 was rapidly induced during murine experimental peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Furthermore, mice deficient for the EBI3 subunit of IL-27 were resistant to CLP-induced septic peritonitis as compared with wild-type controls, and this effect could be suppressed by injection of recombinant single-chain IL-27. EBI3−/− mice displayed significantly enhanced neutrophil migration and oxidative burst capacity during…
Aroclor 1254 inhibits the chemiluminescence response of peritoneal cavity cells from sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo)
2014
Chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) affect the immune system of fish and could lead to a decreased disease resistance. The effects of Aroclor 1254, PCB mixtures, on the Diplodus puntazzo innate immunity were examined by assaying the zymosan stimulated chemiluminescence response (CL) of peritoneal cavity cells (PCCs) at various times (1, 24, 48 h and 1-4 weeks) from intraperitoneal injection of the xenobiotic (1 mg kg(-1) body weight). Controls were performed by assaying cells from medium-treated fish. Since the kinetic of the chemiluminescence response showed the highest peak at 25 min after the zymosan stimulation of the cells, the values found at that time were considered…
Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2021
Abstract In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial–viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response…