Search results for " Integration"
showing 10 items of 1034 documents
Competition and horizontal integration in maritime freight transport
2010
This paper develops a theoretical model for freight transport characterized by competition between means of transport (the road and maritime sectors), where modes are perceived as differentiated products. Competitive behavior is assumed in the road freight sector, and there are constant returns to scale. In contrast, the freight maritime sector is characterized by oligopolistic behavior, where shipping lines enjoy economies of scale. The market equilibrium where the shipping lines behave as profit maximizers, provides a first approximation to the determinants of market shares, profits, and user welfare. We then characterize the equilibrium when horizontal integration of shipping lines occur…
Constructing Knowledge through a Role-Play in a Web-Based Learning Environment
2003
This study aimed to find out how and on what level the students of two separate secondary schools shared and constructed knowledge on imperialism by interacting through historical role characters in a Web-based environment. Furthermore, the study aimed to find out how social and contextual features affected the nature of knowledge sharing and construction. The data about the history project were gathered by various means in order to validate the findings of the case study. The results demonstrated that the level of the Web-based messages remained quite low. Also the use of the Web-based environment in terms of shared knowledge construction was rather weak. In comparison, different instruct…
Ontology languages for the semantic web: A never completely updated review
2006
This paper gives a never completely account of approaches that have been used for the research community for representing knowledge. After underlining the importance of a layered approach and the use of standards, it starts with early efforts used for artificial intelligence researchers. Then recent approaches, aimed mainly at the semantic web, are described. Coding examples from the literature are presented in both sections. Finally, the semantic web ontology creation process, as we envision it, is introduced.
Semantic Web Enabled Web Services: State-of-Art and Industrial Challenges
2003
Semantic Web technology has a vision to define and link Web data in a way that it can be understood and used by machines for automation, integration and reuse of data across various applications. Ontological definition of every resource as it is assumed in Semantic Web, along with new techniques for semantics processing and new vision Intelligent Web Services is expected to bring Web on its new level. At present, Web Services technology is stressed by the search of a right way for further development. Combination of Semantic Web and Web Services concepts may address many of difficulties of existing technology. It is not a question of whether Semantic Web is coming or not, but a question of …
Party Positions on Differentiated European Integration in the Nordic Countries: Growing Together, Growing Apart?
2020
The Nordic countries constitute an interesting laboratory for the study of differentiated European Integration. Even though Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden share some historical, cultural, socio-economic and political characteristics, all those countries have ultimately opted for a different kind of relationship with the EU. Whereas Finland, a member of the Eurozone since its inception in 1999, has been considered to be part of the Union’s ‘inner core’ for quite some time, Iceland and Norway, in contrast, have opted to remain outside the EU albeit closely associated via the European Economic Area Agreement. The variation of relationships has also been reflected in Nordic parti…
The Euro Area Crisis; Need for a Supranational Fiscal Risk Sharing Mechanism?
2013
The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of risk sharing mechanisms in the euro area and whether a supranational fiscal risk sharing mechanism could insure countries against very severe downturns. Using an unbalanced panel of 15 euro area countries over the period 1979â2010, the results of the paper show that: (i) the effectiveness of risk sharing mechanisms in the euro area is significantly lower than in existing federations (such as the U.S. and Germany) and (ii) it falls sharply in severe downturns just when it is needed most; (iii) a supranational fiscal stabilization mechanism, financed by a relatively small contribution, would be able to fully insure euro area countries …
Offshore wind metadata management
2014
Offshore wind energy is gaining more and more attention from industry and research community due to its high potential in producing green energy and lowering price on electricity consumption. However, offshore wind is facing many challenges, and hence it is still expensive to install in large scale. It therefore needs to be considered from different aspects of technologies in order to overcome these challenges. One of the problems of the offshore wind is that information comes from different sources with diversity in types and format. Besides, there are existing wind databases that should be utilised in order to enrich the knowledge base of the wind domain. This paper describes an approach …
Enhancement in the computation of gradient retention times in liquid chromatography using root-finding methods.
2019
Abstract Gradient elution may provide adequate separations within acceptably short times in a single run, by gradually increasing the elution speed. Similarly to isocratic elution, chromatograms can be predicted under any experimental condition, through strategies based on retention models. The most usual approach implies solving an integral equation (i.e., the fundamental equation of gradient elution), which has an analytical solution only for certain combinations of retention model and gradient programme. This limitation can be overcome by using numerical integration, which is a universal approach although at the cost of longer computation times. In this work, several alternatives to impr…
Evaluating Thermal Corrections for Adsorption Processes at the Metal/Gas Interface
2019
International audience; Adsorption and desorption steps are key for active catalysts and rely on a subtle balance between enthalpic and entropic terms. While the enthalpic term is becoming ever more accurate through density functional development, the entropic term remains underrated and its precise determination a great challenge. In this work, we have performed extensive first principles thermodynamic integration (TI) simulations for the 1 adsorption of small (e.g., CO) to larger (e.g., phenol) molecules at metallic surfaces and compared their adsorption free energies to the values obtained by vertical, static statistical mechanics approximations to thermal corrections invoking three diff…
Ontology-Based Information System
2014
We describe a novel way for creating information systems based on ontologies. The described solution is aimed at domain experts who would benefit from being able to quickly prototype fully-functional, web-based information system for data input, editing and analysis. The systems backbone is SPARQL 1.1 endpoint that enables organization users to view and edit the data, while outside users can get read-only access to the endpoint. The system prototype is implemented and successfully tested with Latvian medical data ontology with 60 classes and imported 5 000 000 data-level triples.