Search results for " Jurisprudence"
showing 10 items of 155 documents
DXYS156: a multi-purpose short tandem repeat locus for determination of sex, paternal and maternal geographic origins and DNA fingerprinting
2002
In forensic science and in legal medicine Y chromosomal typing is indispensable for sex determination, for paternity testing in the absence of the father and for distinguishing males in multiple rape cases. Another potential application is the estimation of paternal geographic origin or family name from a crime stain to narrow down the range of suspects and thus reduce costs of mass screenings. However, Y typing alone cannot provide a sufficiently resolved DNA fingerprint as required for court convictions. Thus, there is a dilemma whether or not to sacrifice valuable material for the sake of extensive Y chromosomal investigations when stain DNA is limited (typically allowing only few PCR am…
The organized subdural blood clot in forensic case work - a case report.
2000
The medico-legal assessment of a subdural haematoma (recent or organized) usually requires some information regarding its cause. Quite often, especially in the absence of a known history of trauma, minor head injuries, which are no longer verifiable, are simply assumed to be the most likely causes. Considering the fact that a subdural haematoma could also be non-traumatic, e.g. in haemorrhagic disorders, cardiac conditions with persistent passive hyperaemia, true inflammatory and degenerative processes of the dura, etc., the medico-legal implication of a possible head injury would require the exclusion of such non-traumatic conditions capable of causing subdural bleeding. In this respect, t…
Medico legal procedures related to sexual assault: a 10-year retrospective experience of a Daphne protocol application
2018
Background: Sexual assault is a worldwide problem that has not yet been sufficiently acknowledged as confirmed by the literature. Italian law n.96, 1996, foreseeing norms regarding rape and sexual abuse, finally gave significant relevance to sex crimes. In 2004, the European Commission for Justice Internal Affairs and Social Politics promoted the Daphne II program to support victims of rape and abuse, and the Violence and Operative Healthcare Networks (Ve.R.S.O.) project started at the Policlinico âP. Giacconeâ University Hospital of Palermo in 2006. Aim: data analysis emerging from 10 years experience of Daphne protocol utilization for the management of sexual assault victims. Methods:…
Chemistry, microscopy and smell: bloodstains and nineteenth-century legal medicine
2015
This paper analyses the development of three methods for detecting bloodstains during the first half of the nineteenth-century in France. After dealing with the main problems in detecting bloodstains, the paper describes the chemical tests introduced in the mid-1820s. Then the first uses of the microscope in the detection of bloodstains around 1827 are discussed. The most controversial method is then examined, the smell test introduced by Jean-Pierre Barruel in 1829, and the debates which took place in French academies and learned societies during ensuing years are surveyed. Moving to the courtrooms a review is conducted of how the different methods were employed in criminal trials. By revi…
Sobre la extensión y alcance de la inviolabilidad parlamentaria en los Parlamentos democráticos del siglo XXI
2004

 SUMARIO: 1. Introducción. 2. La crisis de las prerrogativas parlamentarias. 3. La inviolabilidad parlamentaria hoy. 4. El caso jon Salaberría: STSJ País Vasco de 5 de septiembre de 2003 y STS 21 de diciembre de 2004. 5. El caso Atutxa: STSJ País Vasco de 20 de mayo de 2005. 6. EL abuso de la prerrogativa. LA necesidad de revisar la extensión de la inviolabilidad parlamentaria.
Sudden death in water: Diagnostic challenges
2016
Abstract The authors report a case of sudden death in a breath-holding diver and highlight the forensic diagnostic difficulties in opining the cause of sudden death in water. The autopsy showed increased thickness of the left ventricular wall with a distinct pattern of concentric hypertrophy, evident particularly in the subaortic interventricular septum. Histological examination revealed diffuse interstitial fibrosis and associated findings of multifocal myocyte disarray especially evident in the subaortic interventricular septum. The analysis and discussion of this case made it possible to attribute sudden death to a lethal arrhythmia following myocyte disarray and hypoxia caused by breath…
Entrevista con Stephen E. Toulmin
1993
El texto que sigue reproduce -prácticamente sin ninguna alteración- la entrevista oral realizada por los autores a Stephen E. Toulmin, con ocasión de la estancia de este último en Madrid, en diciembre de 1992, para participar en el congreso sobre Las crisis de la justicia, organizado por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial. La traducción castellana de la grabación magnetofónica corri6 a cargo de Manuel Jiménez Redondo.
Decisiones automatizadas: problemas y soluciones jurídicas. Más allá de la protección de datos
2021
La creciente capacidad computacional de los sistemas automatizados de procesamiento de datos ha generado un aumento de su utilización en toda clase de actividades humanas. Estos sistemas pueden procesar cantidades masivas de datos y proporcionar resultados muy precisos, ayudando a los responsables de la toma de decisiones, tanto en el sector público como en el privado, a clasificar a los seres humanos y a predecir sus acciones. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha venido demostrando que estos sistemas pueden generar importantes riesgos para los derechos fundamentales y otros valores y principios democráticos. Hasta la fecha, las normas en materia de protección de datos han constituido el …
THE LONG ROAD TO THE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS: THE RIGHT TO AN ADEQUATE STANDARD OF LIVING
2018
A long road was necessary for economic and social rights to be internationally recognized. In fact, it was only after the Second World War that the protection of human rights, including economic and social rights, became one of the aims of the United Nations. Despite that, this legal protection was by no means made without controversies, especially when it comes to economic and social rights. The fact that most of the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights refer to civil and political rights corroborates these difficulties. Only articles 22 through 27 protected economic and social rights. The objective of this article is to shed some light into this process, as the Universal …
La liberalizzazione del licenziamento economico: politica costituzionale, legge, giurisprudenza
2021
Il saggio analizza i recenti sviluppi legislativi e giurisprudenziali in materia di licenziamento per giustificato motivo oggettivo, sotto la duplice prospettiva degli elementi costitutivi della fattispecie e della tecnica di tutela: a seguito degli interventi di legge del 2012-2015, e della giurisprudenza della Cassazione e della Corte costituzionale, il quadro normativo di riferimento è stato profondamente liberalizzato, e riflette una scelta di politica costituzionale privilegiante la libera iniziativa economica privata rispetto all’utilità sociale e al diritto al lavoro. Infine, l’articolo si sofferma sul recente ‘blocco’ dei licenziamenti economici, sottolineando come la misura rappres…