Search results for " LAB"
showing 10 items of 2393 documents
Effective Tax rates and Fiscal Convergence in the OECD: 1965-2001
2005
In this work we elaborate a data base that includes 21 OECD countries along the 1965-2001 period. It includes average effective tax rates on consumption, capital and labour, which are adequate to analyse macroeconomic effects of fiscal policy. Additionally, we make a description of the most important features of fiscal structures in OECD countries along the last decades. Thus, we find that the ratio of fiscal revenues to GDP has steadily increased in these countries, mainly due to the increase of taxation on labour earnings. This increase in fiscal revenues has gone together with a process of convergence across countries both in the level of fiscal revenues, as in labour and capital tax rat…
Work incentive and productivity in Spain
2013
Work incentives are closely related to production performance. This paper presents evidence that the value added of a firm increases when relative labor costs rise, or the level of unemployment increases. Both circumstances imply evidence in favor of the efficiency wage model. This theory is consistent with the views of many managers and personal administrators, who tend to ascribe primary importance to wage setting as an incentive to increase effort. We use a micro panel data set of Spanish manufacturing firms, during the period 2004–2009, to simultaneously estimate a stochastic frontier of a firm’s value added and the inefficiency determinants. The data source is published in the Spanish …
Gestión empresarial y dinámica laboral en España
2015
El objetivo del presente artículo es plantear una serie de reflexiones sobre la dinámica labo- ral reciente en la economía española bajo el enfoque analítico de la segmentación laboral. Desde esta perspectiva, la situación y problemas del mercado laboral se explican por un conjunto de factores relacionados con las prácticas de gestión empresarial y no tanto por la regulación que limita la competencia en el mercado o las modalidades contractuales. Nues- tra conclusión es que es necesario superar el marco analítico restringido del enfoque econó- mico convencional e introducir otras dimensiones, que van más allá del mercado, para una mejor compresión de los problemas laborales. En este sentido…
Mobility, wages and gender across Europe
2012
In this paper, the socioeconomic and individual characteristics that favor mobility are analyzed. The stochastic frontier technique is used as an instrument of analysis to measure the differences that arise between the potential wage and the one that should be obtained for an individual with particular socioeconomic characteristics given his/her investment in human capital. A data panel of young workers who have been working at least for seven consecutive years is used for this analysis. The data set comes from the European Community Household Panel for the period 1995-2001. The results show that Spanish and Italian women have the higher changing probability; this high probability has a neg…
Differenziali Territoriali di Produttivita' ed Efficienza negli Anni '90: i Livelli e l'Andamento
2001
Nel presente lavoro, dopo avere effettuato una rassegna degli approcci esistenti in letteratura sulle ragioni dello sviluppo dualistico dell'economia italiana, si argomenta che per valutare il potere esplicativo di questi approcci e' importante esaminare alcune loro predizioni empiriche relativamente a livello e andamento della produttivita' totale dei fattori, nonche' degli elementi in cui queste variabili possono essere scomposte. Basandosi sui dati dell'Indagine del Mediocredito Centrale, vengono quindi calcolati per gli anni '90 misure di efficienza tecnica, di scala e allocativa, nonche' degli indici di Malmquist, per un campione piuttosto ampio (e territorialmente diversificato) di im…
What is your couple type? Gender ideology, housework-sharing, and babies
2015
AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is increasingly acknowledged that not only gender equality but also gender ideology plays a role in explaining fertility in advanced societies. In a micro perspective, the potential mismatch between gender equality (i.e., the actual sharing taking place in a couple) and gender ideology (i.e., attitudes and beliefs regarding gender roles) may drive childbearing decisions.OBJECTIVEThis paper assesses the impact of consistency between gender equality in attitudes and equality in the division of household labour on the likelihood of having another child, for different parities.METHODSRelying on two-wave panel data of the Bulgarian, Czech, French, Hungarian, and Lithuanian G…
El fenómeno del subempleo en el proceso de inserción laboral de los jóvenes, sus conductas y actitudes laborales
2017
El propósito de esta tesis es ahondar en el estudio del subempleo en los jóvenes en España en su primera etapa de desarrollo de carrera, al inicio de su inserción laboral. Se han realizado tres estudios usando 3 sub-muestras de jóvenes en España con experiencia laboral. La muestra se obtuvo gracias al proyecto Bancaja IVIE a través del Observatorio de Inserción Laboral. Se analiza el constructo del Subempleo a través de la propuesta de un modelo de medida unifactorial que compara 5 tipos de subempleo en contraposición a un modelo bifactorial (subempleo en los aspectos íntrísecos y extrínsecos). El segundo objetivo fue conocer los efectos diferenciados del subempleo en aspectos importantes c…
Taylorism on steroids or enabling autonomy? A systematic review of algorithmic management
2023
AbstractThe use of algorithmic management systems is rapidly changing organizational models and practices, as millions of workers in multiple sectors worldwide are managed by computer software. Despite receiving increasing academic interest, little summarizing literature exist on the ways algorithmic systems are used in management. This article aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing and qualitatively analyzing 172 articles on the topic. Our research contributes to the existent algorithmic management literature in three ways. First, we provide a descriptive overview of algorithmic management as a field of research. Second, we identify and synthesize the discussion on the key conce…
Plaši pazīstami preču zīmju atšķirtspējas vājināšana: veidi un izpausmes Latvijas tiesību telpā.
2017
Latvijas tiesību telpā pagaidām nav izvērstu pētījumu, kuros tiktu iezīmēti plaši pazīstamu preču zīmju atšķirtspējas vājināšanas teorijas problēmjautājumi, līdz ar to, lai veicinātu turpmāku diskusiju par šo tēmu un vērtētu tiesisko interešu īstenošanas efektivitāti, bakalaura darba autors aplūko preču zīmju atšķirtspējas vājināšanas veidus, analizējot iespējamos tiesisko interešu aizskārumus un sniedzot ieskatu aktuālajā judikatūrā. Analīzes gaitā, autors secina, ka tiesiskais regulējums nodrošina efektīvu aizsardzību pret plaši pazīstamu preču zīmju atšķirtspējas vājināšanu, tomēr šī aizsardzība nav absolūta un paredz vispusīgu preču zīmes atšķirtspējas un tai piemītošās reputācijas anal…
Emocionālā un fiziskā labsajūta geriatriskiem pacientiem kataraktas operācijas laikā un tiešajā pēcoperācijas periodā
2020
Bakalaura darba tēma – “Emocionālā un fiziskā labsajūta geriatriska vecuma pacientiem kataraktas operācijas laikā un pēcoperācijas periodā” tika izvēlēta, jo katarakta ir viena no biežākajām acu slimībām gados vecākiem cilvēkiem un arvien lielāka kļūst nepieciešamība pēc kataraktas operācijas, lai uzlabotu redzes kvalitāti. Kataraktas operācijas laikā ir svarīgi nodrošināt pacientam tādu aprūpi un komunikāciju, lai pacienta emocionālā un fiziskā labsajūta ir nodrošināta, jo operācijas laikā tiek izmantota lokālā anestēzija, kuras laikā pacienti ir pie pilnas apziņas un spēj pēc tam dalīties savās personīgās sajūtas, emocijās par operācijā piedzīvoto. Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot emocionālo un…