Search results for " Languages"

The complexity of graph languages generated by hyperedge replacement

1990

Although in many ways, hyperedge replacement graph grammars (HRGs) are, among all graph generating mechanisms, what context-free Chomsky grammars are in the realm of string rewriting, their parsing problem is known to be, in general, NP-complete. In this paper, the main difficulty in HRG parsing is analysed and some conditions on either grammar or input graphs are developed under which parsing can be done in polynomial time. For some of the cases, the parsing problem is shown to be log-space reducible to context-free string parsing.

Valoda: nozīme un forma 8. Valodas gramatiskās un leksiskās sistēmas variatīvums

2017

Valsts pētījumu programmas „Letonika – Latvijas vēsture, valodas, kultūra, vērtības” projekta Nr. 3 „Latviešu valodas pētījumi 21. gadsimta zinātnes kontekstā” apakšprojekts „Latviešu valodas gramatika / Latvian Grammar”

Patterns in words and languages

2004

AbstractA word p, over the alphabet of variables E, is a pattern of a word w over A if there exists a non-erasing morphism h from E∗ to A∗ such that h(p)=w. If we take E=A, given two words u,v∈A∗, we write u⩽v if u is a pattern of v. The restriction of ⩽ to aA∗, where A is the binary alphabet {a,b}, is a partial order relation. We introduce, given a word v, the set P(v) of all words u such that u⩽v. P(v), with the relation ⩽, is a poset and it is called the pattern poset of v. The first part of the paper is devoted to investigate the relationships between the structure of the poset P(v) and the combinatorial properties of the word v. In the last section, for a given language L, we consider …

Shipping forecasts as examples of controlled languages - A cross-linguistic (NL, FR, GE) and cross-medial analysis (print, radio)

2022

"Dis poem shall call names names": Naming in reggae culture, the example of dub poetry

2013

International audience; The question of names and naming emerged as a crucial concern in the cultures of the African diaspora as a way to resist the anonymity and loss of identity imposed upon slaves. Through examples taken from reggae culture and the subgenre known as dub poetry, this paper looks at how names imply a political and poetic use of language in black Atlantic cultures.

Ecos de la Junta democrática y de la oposición en el diario ABC (1974-75): la ruptura como pesadilla

2012

International audience; La creación de la Junta democrática como plataforma antifranquista se proponía romper con las instituciones del Régimen iniciando una lucha pacífica que debía permitir una democratización radical del estado. La ruptura con las instituciones del franquismo debía ser llevada a cabo gracias a un gobierno provisional representativo de todas las fuerzas de oposición. Las numerosas acciones y comunicaciones a los órganos de prensa internacionales de la Comisión Exterior de la Junta democrática de España, dirigida por José Vidal Beneyto, permitieron a la JDE darse a conocer a los países europeos siendo aún ilegal dentro del país. Los artículos del diario ABC de 1974-75 se h…

Space-Time, Phenomenology, and the Picture Theory of Language

2010

To estimate Minkowski’s introduction of space-time in relativity, the case is made for the view that abstract language and mathematics carries meaning not only by its connections with observation but as pictures of facts. This view is contrasted to the more traditional intuitionism of Hume, Mach, and Husserl. Einstein’s attempt at a conceptual reconstruction of space and time as well as Husserl’s analysis of the loss of meaning in science through increasing abstraction is analysed. Wittgenstein’s picture theory of language is used to explain how meaning is conveyed by abstract expressions, with the Minkowski space as a case.

Strange vegetation: Emotional undercurrents of Tove Jansson’s Moominvalley in November

2018

Abstract This article investigates the emotional undercurrents of Tove Jansson’s Moominvalley in November. I argue that one of the main characters of Jansson’s book is the autumn forest that surrounds the abandoned Moomin house. The decomposing forest is not just an emblem of the inner lives of the guests that gather in the house but is an active character itself: an ambiguous life form that creeps in the house and must be expelled from its living core. I further demonstrate that the emotion of disgust has a crucial role in Jansson’s narrative, and that an adequate analysis of the intentional content of disgust allows us to see what is at issue in the relations between the characters. In my…

Avicenna's Outsourced Rationalism

2020

Logics and operators

2003

Two connectives are of special interest in metalogical investigations — the connective of implication which is important due to its connections to the notion of inference, and the connective of equivalence. The latter connective expresses, in the material sense, the fact that two sentences have the same logical value while in the strict sense it expresses the fact that two sentences are interderivable on the basis of a given logic. The process of identification of equivalent sentences relative to theories of a logic C defines a class of abstract algebras. The members of the class are called Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras of the logic C. One may abstract from the origin of these algebras and exa…