Search results for " Large"

showing 10 items of 392 documents

Scaling properties of topologically random channel networks

1996

Abstract The analysis deals with the scaling properties of infinite topologically random channel networks (ITRNs) fast introduced by Shreve (1967, J. Geol. , 75: 179–186) to model the branching structure of rivers as a random process. The expected configuration of ITRNs displays scaling behaviour only asymptotically, when the ruler (or ‘yardstick’) length is reduced to a very small extent. The random model can also reproduce scaling behaviour at larger ruler lengths if network magnitude and diameter are functionally related according to a reported deterministic rule. This indicates that subsets of rrRNs can be scaling and, although rrRNs are asymptotically plane-filling due to the law of la…

Discrete mathematicsDimension (vector space)YardstickLaw of large numbersStochastic processStructure (category theory)Magnitude (mathematics)Statistical physicsScalingWater Science and TechnologyMathematicsCommunication channelJournal of Hydrology
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A formal proof of the ε-optimality of absorbing continuous pursuit algorithms using the theory of regular functions

2014

Published version of an article from the journal: Applied Intelligence. Also available on Springerlink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-014-0541-1 The most difficult part in the design and analysis of Learning Automata (LA) consists of the formal proofs of their convergence accuracies. The mathematical techniques used for the different families (Fixed Structure, Variable Structure, Discretized etc.) are quite distinct. Among the families of LA, Estimator Algorithms (EAs) are certainly the fastest, and within this family, the set of Pursuit algorithms have been considered to be the pioneering schemes. Informally, if the environment is stationary, their ε-optimality is defined as their abili…

Discrete mathematicsDiscretizationLearning automataAbsorbing CPAComputer scienceEstimatorMonotonic functionVDP::Technology: 500::Information and communication technology: 550Mathematical proofFormal proofCPAArbitrarily largeArtificial Intelligenceε-optimalityMartingale (probability theory)Pursuit algorithmsAlgorithm
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Law of the Iterated Logarithm

2020

For sums of independent random variables we already know two limit theorems: the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. The law of large numbers describes for large \(n\in \mathbb{N}\) the typical behavior, or average value behavior, of sums of n random variables. On the other hand, the central limit theorem quantifies the typical fluctuations about this average value.

Discrete mathematicsIterated logarithmNatural logarithm of 2LogarithmLaw of large numbersLaw of the iterated logarithmLimit (mathematics)Random variableMathematicsCentral limit theorem
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A new large scale laboratory: The LEDA research centre (Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis)

2017

Recently, the field of earthquake engineering experienced substantial enhancements due to numerous results of experimental and theoretical researches. Modern technical codes recognized the last advances in this field and provided new solutions for the structural assessment and design of buildings. However, the need for large scale testing is still taking several open questions, especially for the design of civil infrastructures, and experimental activity on full scale specimens has become necessary. This paper presents the main testing facilities of a new research centre, namely the Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis (LEDA) of the University of Enna “Kore”. In particu…

Dynamic testing Earthquake engineering Experimental Large scale testing Pseudo-dynamic testing
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A Stochastic Variance Factor Model for Large Datasets and an Application to S&P Data

2008

The aim of this paper is to consider multivariate stochastic volatility models for large dimensional datasets. We suggest the use of the principal component methodology of Stock and Watson [Stock, J.H., Watson, M.W., 2002. Macroeconomic forecasting using diffusion indices. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20, 147–162] for the stochastic volatility factor model discussed by Harvey, Ruiz, and Shephard [Harvey, A.C., Ruiz, E., Shephard, N., 1994. Multivariate Stochastic Variance Models. Review of Economic Studies, 61, 247–264]. We provide theoretical and Monte Carlo results on this method and apply it to S&P data.

Economics and EconometricsMultivariate statisticsPrincipal componentsStochastic volatilityjel:C32jel:C33jel:G12Factor modelPrincipal component analysisEconometricsEconomicsStochastic volatility Factor models Principal componentsStochastic volatilityforecasting; stochastic volatility; large datasetFinanceFactor analysis
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Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and Their Effects on Health Outcomes

2022

Background Vaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases, fatalities, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results…

Economics and Econometricsand (iii) COVID-19 cases in neighboring countries can lead to an increase in a country's domestic caseload and hamper efforts in taming its own local outbreak. Conclusions: By providing an early broad overview of the quantitative empirical estimates of the determinants of vaccine rollouts and the effects of COVID-19 vaccines our paper can help policymakers make informed decisions about local and global distributions of vaccines as well as related policy tools such as containment measure.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)business.industryHealth PolicyNational accountsOutbreakGeneral Medicine(ii) vaccine deployment significantly reduces new COVID-19 infections Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and fatalities and is more effective when coupled with stringent containment measures or when a country is experiencing a large outbreakVaccination against the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) is understood to be the key way out of the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited evidence exists on the determinants of vaccine rollouts and their health effects at the country level. Objective: Examine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts and their effects on health outcomes. Methods: Ordinary least squares regressions with standard errors clustered at the country level for Cross-section and Panel daily data of vaccinations and various health outcomes (new COVID-19 cases fatalities intensive care unit (ICU) admissions) for an unbalanced sample of about 200 countries during the period 16 December 2020 to 20 June 2021. Results: We find evidence that: (i) early vaccine procurement domestic production of vaccines the severity of the pandemic a country's health infrastructure and vaccine acceptance are significant determinants of the speed of vaccination rolloutHealth outcomesIntensive care unitlaw.inventionVaccinationProcurementlawEnvironmental healthPandemicGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesMedicinebusinessGeneral Environmental ScienceIMF Working Papers
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How to derive the analytical capacity model for not-conventional urban roundabouts

2008

The inapplicability of current methods for analyzing operations of urban not-conventional roundabouts (i.e. not referable to standard schemes) hampers seriously the assessment of their operational performances. Moreover, local constraints and the road network structure have produced lots of geometric layouts that make hard to propose an only framework to explain performances of not-conventional roundabouts. Also for these intersections it is hoped to have scientifically based methods to analyze operations with a proper reliability. Starting from these considerations, the paper shows the conceptual path followed to analyze operations at not-conventional roundabouts along an arterial of Paler…

Engineeringmultilane large diameter roundaboutsbusiness.industryField dataNetwork structureTraffic flowOperationsField (computer science)Transport engineeringHeadwayRoundaboutSettore ICAR/04 - Strade Ferrovie Ed AeroportiheadwayLarge diameterbusinessIntersection (aeronautics)Operations headway multilane large diameter roundabouts.
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Large solutions for nonlinear parabolic equations without absorption terms

2012

In this paper we give a suitable notion of entropy solution of parabolic $p-$laplacian type equations with $1\leq p<2$ which blows up at the boundary of the domain. We prove existence and uniqueness of this type of solutions when the initial data is locally integrable (for $1<p<2$) or integrable (for $p=1$; i.e the Total Variation Flow case).

Entropy solutionsIntegrable systemMathematical analysisp-LaplacianMathematics::Analysis of PDEsGeodetic datumNonlinear parabolic equationsMathematics - Analysis of PDEsentropy solutions; large solutions; p-laplacian; total variation flowp-LaplacianFOS: MathematicsLarge solutionsUniquenessTotal variation flowEntropy (arrow of time)AnalysisMathematicsAnalysis of PDEs (math.AP)Journal of Functional Analysis
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On thermoeconomics of energy systems at variable load conditions: integrated optimization of plant design and operation

2007

Abstract Thermoeconomics has been assuming a growing role among the disciplines oriented to the analysis of energy systems, its different methodologies allowing solution of problems in the fields of cost accounting, plant design optimisation and diagnostic of malfunctions. However, the thermoeconomic methodologies as such are particularly appropriate to analyse large industrial systems at steady or quasi-steady operation, but they can be hardly applied to small to medium scale units operating in unsteady conditions to cover a variable energy demand. In this paper, the fundamentals of thermoeconomics for systems operated at variable load are discussed, examining the cost formation process an…

ExergyEngineeringPrimary energyRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industryThermoeconomics has been assuming a growing role among the disciplines oriented to the analysis of energy systems its different methodologies allowing solution of problems in the fields of cost accounting plant design optimisation and diagnostic of malfunctions. However the thermoeconomic methodologies as such are particularly appropriate to analyse large industrial systems at steady or quasisteady operation but they can be hardly applied to small to medium scale units operating in unsteady conditions to cover a variable energy demand. In this paper the fundamentals of thermoeconomics for systems operated at variable load are discussed examining the cost formation process and separately the cost fractions related to capital depreciation (which require additional distinctions with respect to plants in steady operation) and to exergy consumption. The relevant effects of the efficiency penalty due to off design operation on the exergetic cost of internal flows are also examined. An original algorithm is proposed for the integrated optimization of plant design and operation based on an analytical solution by the Lagrange multipliers method and on a multi-objective decision function expressed either in terms of net cash flow or primary energy saving. The method is suitable for application in complex energy systems such as ‘‘facilities of components of a same product’’ connected to external networks for power or heat distribution. For demonstrative purposes the proposed thermoeconomically aided optimization is performed for a grid connected trigeneration system to be installed in a large hotel.Energy Engineering and Power TechnologyCost accountingThermoeconomicsGridEnergy conservationVariable (computer science)symbols.namesakeFuel TechnologyNuclear Energy and EngineeringLagrange multipliersymbolsProcess engineeringbusinessSimulation
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Carbon Monoxide in the Cold Debris of Supernova 1987A

2013

We report spectroscopic and imaging observations of rotational transitions of cold CO and SiO in the ejecta of SN1987A, the first such emission detected in a supernova remnant. In addition to line luminosities for the CO J=1-0, 2-1, 6-5, and 7-6 transitions, we present upper limits for all other transitions up to J=13-12, collectively measured from the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), and the Herschel Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE). Simple models show the lines are emitted from at least 0.01 solar masses of CO at a temperature &gt; 14 K, confined within at most 35% of a spherical volume expanding at ~ 2000 km/s. Moreover, we…

FOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysicsWAVELENGTHindividual (SN1987A) [supernovae]FACILITYEjectaSupernova remnantSolar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURELine (formation)PhysicsSolar massSN-1987AINSTRUMENTsupernova remnants [ISM]Astronomy and AstrophysicsAtacama Large Millimeter ArrayDebrisSupernovaSpireEJECTACASSIOPEIAPhysics and AstronomyAstrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics13. Climate actionSpace and Planetary ScienceREMNANTSN 1987A
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