Search results for " Lens"

showing 10 items of 510 documents

Exploring Gravitational Lensing

2019

In this article, we discuss the idea of gravitational lensing, from a systematic, historical and didactic point of view. We show how the basic lensing equation together with the concepts of geometrical optics opens a space of implications that can be explored along different dimensions. We argue that Einstein explored the idea along different pathways in this space of implication, and that these explorations are documented by different calculational manuscripts. The conceptualization of the idea of gravitational lensing as a space of exploration also shows the feasibility of discussing the idea in the classroom using some of Einstein's manuscripts.

PhysicsSecondary educationGeometrical opticsConceptualization05 social sciencesPhysics - History and Philosophy of PhysicsPhysics - Physics EducationFOS: Physical sciences050301 educationGeneral Physics and AstronomySpace (mathematics)01 natural sciencesTheoretical physicssymbols.namesakeGravitational lensPhysics Education (physics.ed-ph)0103 physical sciencessymbolsHistory and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)Point (geometry)History of physicsEinstein010306 general physics0503 education
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Diffractive m-bonacci lenses.

2017

[EN] Fibonacci zone plates are proving to be promising candidates in image forming devices. In this letter we show that the set of Fibonacci zone plates are a particular member of a new family of diffractive lenses which can be designed on the basis of a given m-bonacci sequence. These lenses produce twin axial foci whose separation depends on the m-golden mean. Therefore, with this generalization, bifocal systems can be freely designed under the requirement at particular focal planes. Experimental results support our proposal. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America

PhysicsSequenceFresnel zoneFibonacci numberBasis (linear algebra)Generalizationbusiness.industry02 engineering and technology021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology01 natural sciencesAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsImage (mathematics)010309 opticsSet (abstract data type)Diffractive lensOpticsFISICA APLICADA0103 physical sciences0210 nano-technologybusinessOptics express
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All good things come in threes: the third image of the lensed quasar PKS1830-211

2020

Strong gravitational lensing distorts our view of sources at cosmological distances but brings invaluable constraints on the mass content of foreground objects and on the geometry and properties of the Universe. We report the detection of a third continuum source toward the strongly lensed quasar PKS1830-211 in ALMA multi-frequency observations of high dynamic range and high angular resolution. This third source is point-like and located slightly to the north of the diagonal joining the two main lensed images, A and B, 0.3 arcsec away from image B. It has a flux density that is ~140 times weaker than images A and B and a similar spectral index, compatible with synchrotron emission. We concl…

PhysicsSpectral indexCosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)Einstein ring010308 nuclear & particles physicsContinuum (design consultancy)Strong gravitational lensingFOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsQuasarAstrophysicsAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsAstrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies01 natural sciencessymbols.namesakeSpace and Planetary ScienceAstrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)0103 physical sciencessymbolsMillimeterAngular resolution010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic AstrophysicsHubble's law
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Influencia del modelo de ojo teórico en la evaluación numérica de lentes intraoculares fractales

2020

In this work we present the numerical evaluation of a new design of fractal intraocular lens studied through a ray-tracing program. To determine the monochromatic and polychromatic performance of these lenses in different theoretical model eyes the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and the area above the MTF (AMTF) have been used. These merit functions show the same behavior for different values of asphericity (Q), independently from the theoretical model eye, even though there are differences due to the Spherical Aberration (SA) considered in each model.

PhysicsSpherical aberrationOpticsFractalbusiness.industryOptical transfer functionmedicine.medical_treatmentmedicineIntraocular lensMonochromatic colorbusinessSuplemento de la Revista Mexicana de Física
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Size of the accretion disk in the gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1004+4112 from the statistics of microlensing magnifications

2016

We present eight monitoring seasons of the four brightest images of the gravitational lens SDSS J1004+4112 observed between December 2003 and October 2010. Using measured time delays for the images A, B and C and the model predicted time delay for image D we have removed the intrinsic quasar variability, finding microlensing events of about 0.5 and 0.7 mag of amplitude in the images C and D. From the statistics of microlensing amplitudes in images A, C, and D, we have inferred the half-light radius (at {\lambda} rest = 2407 {\AA}) for the accretion disk using two different methods, $R_{1/2}=8.7^{+18.5}_{-5.5} \sqrt{M/0.3 M_\odot}$ (histograms product) and $R_{1/2} = 4.2^{+3.2}_{-2.2} \sqrt{…

PhysicsTime delays010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesAstronomy and AstrophysicsQuasarAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsRadiusGravitational microlensing01 natural sciencesAstrophysics - Astrophysics of GalaxiesAmplitudeGravitational lensThin diskAccretion discSpace and Planetary ScienceAstrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)0103 physical sciencesStatisticsAstrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics0105 earth and related environmental sciences
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Contact lenses: do they really change the opticalperformance?

1996

Abstract In this investigation the quality of two types of optical correction, hydrogel contact lenses and ophthalmic lenses, wascompared by measuring the modulation transferfunction (MTF) of the correcting lens plus visual optics system using an objective method. A merit function was defined in order to allow the direct comparison between the optical performance with the two corrections. A study on 10 subjects was undertaken, measuring the MTF of both corrections by using the double pass method. The results show that the optical quality of contact lenses was higher than that with ophthalmic lenses. The contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and visual acuity (VA) were determined as subjective…

PhysicsVisual acuitygenetic structuresbusiness.industrymedia_common.quotation_subjectOptical correctionObjective methodGeneral Medicineeye diseasesOptical qualitylaw.inventionLens (optics)OphthalmologyOpticsOphthalmic lenseslawMerit functionmedicineContrast (vision)sense organsmedicine.symptombusinessOptometrymedia_commonContact Lens and Anterior Eye
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Brightness induction in a chromatic center?achromatic surround configuration

1997

Physicsbusiness.industryGeneral Chemical EngineeringHuman Factors and ErgonomicsGeneral ChemistryBrightness inductionlaw.inventionRelative luminanceOpticsAchromatic lenslawCenter (algebra and category theory)Chromatic scalebusinessColor Research & Application
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Nonsymmetric Fourier transforming with an anamorphic system

1984

The idea of obtaining a nonsymmetric Fourier transform with crossed cylindrical lenses of different focal lengths is presented. The anamorphic rotation-variant system produces a scaled Fourier transform F(u,mv) of an object f(x,y), where m is a scaling constant. The system performs controlled angular magnification of an object spectrum. It is shown that the super resolution in one direction is gained by reducing the number of degrees of freedom of the optical message in the other. Experimental results are shown where the scaling constant m of up to 10 has been obtained.

Physicsbusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Degrees of freedomMagnificationIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineeringsymbols.namesakeOpticsFourier transformOptical transfer functionsymbolsFocal lengthCylindrical lensBusiness and International ManagementbusinessConstant (mathematics)ScalingApplied Optics
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White-light implementation of the Wigner-distribution function with an achromatic processor.

2010

A temporally incoherent optical processor that combines diffractive and refractive components is proposed for performing two different operations simultaneously: an achromatic image along an axis and an achromatic one-dimensional Fourier transformation along the orthogonal axis. These properties are properly employed to achieve the achromatic white-light display of the Wigner-distribution function associated with a one-dimensional real signal, with high redundancy and variable scale.

Physicsbusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Function (mathematics)Industrial and Manufacturing Engineeringlaw.inventionsymbols.namesakeFourier transformOpticsOrthogonal coordinatesAchromatic lenslawChromatic aberrationRedundancy (engineering)symbolsPhysics::Accelerator PhysicsWigner distribution functionSpatial frequencyBusiness and International ManagementbusinessApplied optics
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Achromatic Fourier transforming properties of a separated diffractive lens doublet: Theory and experiment

1998

The strong chromatic distortion associated with diffractive optical elements is fully exploited to achieve an achromatic optical Fourier transformation under broadband point-source illumination by means of an air-spaced diffractive lens doublet. An analysis of the system is carried out by use of the Fresnel diffraction theory, and the residual secondary spectrum (both axial and transversal) is evaluated. We recognize that the proposed optical architecture allows us to tune the scale factor of the achromatic Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the input by simply moving the diffracting screen along the optical axis of the system. The performance of our proposed optical setup is verified by sev…

Physicsbusiness.industryMaterials Science (miscellaneous)Physics::OpticsFraunhofer diffractionDiffraction efficiencyIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineeringlaw.inventionOptical axissymbols.namesakeOpticsFourier transformAchromatic lenslawDistortionsymbolsChromatic scaleBusiness and International ManagementbusinessFresnel diffraction
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