Search results for " Logic"
showing 10 items of 1720 documents
How to do things with signs. The formulation of directives on signs in public spaces
2021
Abstract This paper analyzes signs and written messages aimed at regulating people's behavior in public spaces. Based on a collection of more than 700 verbal and pictographic signs, the paper focuses on how the formulation of the directives reflect and construct the authors' deontic authority, how they account for the social legitimacy of the directive and how they seek to evoke the addressee's goodwill and cooperativeness. The analysis shows that the author's entitlement to perform the directive may be grounded in references to institutional authority, or that it may be manifested in the linguistic or pictographic expression itself, such as use of imperative mode, exclamation marks, or thr…
SLFTD: A Subjective Logic Based Framework for Truth Discovery
2019
Finding truth from various conflicting candidate values provided by different data sources is called truth discovery, which is of vital importance in data integration. Several algorithms have been proposed in this area, which usually have similar procedure: iteratively inferring the truth and provider’s reliability on providing truth until converge. Therefore, an accurate provider’s reliability evaluation is essential. However, no work pays attention to “how reliable this provider continuously providing truth”. Therefore, we introduce subjective logic, which can record both (1) the provider’s reliability of generating truth, and (2) reliability of provider continuously doing so. Our propose…
Structure of Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety With Chinese College Students: A Bifactor Approach
2018
The Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA), as one of the most widely used measures of death anxiety (DA), has increasingly been applied in many studies. However, the structures derived from different studies are highly inconsistent. In this study, both traditional and novel (bifactor) modeling approaches were used, to investigate the most optimal structure of the ASDA in a sample of 984 Chinese college students. After a series of comparisons, the results showed that the bifactor model, with a dominant general DA factor and three distinct sub-dimensions, was the most optimal measurement structure, and measurement invariance of this bifactor model between sexes was also confirmed. Based on the…
Test Item Taxonomy Based on Functional Criteria
2018
There are many taxonomies that try to classify and apply some consistency to the very many item types currently in existence. They all have various limitations, however, such as ambiguous classification criteria, little discrimination between format types, and referring almost exclusively to pen-and-paper or screen-based items. This paper aims to overcome these limitations by proposing a new item format taxonomy based on functional criteria. Current classifications are reviewed, the criteria they are based on are examined and their limitations are identified. The proposed alternative classification identifies four essential components of items according to function: the structure of the included…
Fuzzy Portfolio Selection Models for Dealing with Investor’s Preferences
2017
This chapter provides an overview of the authors’ previous work about dealing with investor’s preferences in the portfolio selection problem. We propose a fuzzy model for dealing with the vagueness of investor preferences on the expected return and the assumed risk, and then we consider several modifications to include additional constraints and goals.
The periodic rural postman problem with irregular services on mixed graphs
2019
Abstract In this paper, we deal with an extension of the rural postman problem in which some links of a mixed graph must be traversed a given number of times over a time horizon. These links represent entities that must be serviced a specified number of times in some subsets of days (or periods) of the time horizon. The aim is to design a set of minimum-cost tours, one for each day/period of the time horizon, that satisfy the service requirements. We refer to this problem as the periodic rural postman problem with irregular services (PRPP–IS). Some practical applications of the problem can be found in road maintenance operations and road network surveillance, for example. In order to solve …
Probabilistic cross-validation estimators for Gaussian process regression
2018
Gaussian Processes (GPs) are state-of-the-art tools for regression. Inference of GP hyperparameters is typically done by maximizing the marginal log-likelihood (ML). If the data truly follows the GP model, using the ML approach is optimal and computationally efficient. Unfortunately very often this is not case and suboptimal results are obtained in terms of prediction error. Alternative procedures such as cross-validation (CV) schemes are often employed instead, but they usually incur in high computational costs. We propose a probabilistic version of CV (PCV) based on two different model pieces in order to reduce the dependence on a specific model choice. PCV presents the benefits from both…
Semi-automated annotation of page-based documents within the Genre and Multimodality framework
2016
This paper describes ongoing work on a tool developed for annotating document images for their multimodal features and compiling this information into a corpus. The tool leverages open source computer vision and natural language processing libraries to describe the content and structure of multimodal documents and to generate multiple layers of XML annotation. The paper introduces the annotation schema, describes the document processing pipeline and concludes with a brief description of future work.
Use of contrastive syllabic information in L1-L2map for Spanish pronunciation teaching
2018
En la adquisición del sistema fónico de una segunda lengua (L2) al aprendiz no le basta con familiarizarse con los nuevos sonidos nuevos de la L2, sino que debe interiorizar las pautas distribucionales de los segmentos y las restricciones silábicas propias de la L2. El objetivo de este trabajo es, por un lado, reflexionar sobre los factores lingüísticos y contrastivos que pueden influir en la adquisición de las restricciones silábicas del español como lengua extranjera y, por otro lado, presentar las nuevas funciones de la base de datos multilingüe L1-L2map que permiten, precisamente, realizar análisis contrastivos de la estructura silábica de una lengua nativa (L1) y una L2. A lo largo del…
Formulating 'principles of procedure' for the foreign language classroom: A framework for process model language curricula
2015
This article aims to apply Stenhouse's process model of curriculum to foreign language (FL) education, a model which is characterized by enacting principles of procedure which are specific to the discipline which the school subject belongs to. Rather than to replace or dissolve current approaches to FL teaching and curriculum development, this article seeks to improve and enrich communicative and task-based orientations with an additional criterion for assessing the educational worth of the tasks through which these orientations are developed. Unlike the objectives and competences models, principles of procedure provide an intrinsic justification of school curriculum by enacting the epistem…