Search results for " Meter"
showing 10 items of 123 documents
Schulung des Inhalationsmanövers bei Kindern mit Asthma bronchiale mittels optischem Feedback
2007
BACKGROUND: For inhalation as a mainstay of asthma therapy, the correct inhalation technique is of utmost importance. This comprises not only the correct handling of the device but also specific device-dependent requirements concerning the inhalation manoeuvre itself. METHODS: We examined whether totally different inhalation manoeuvres can be educated in parallel in asthmatic children. As target manoeuvres we defined: 1) an inhalation as fast as possible (peak inspiratory flow ≥ 60 l/min) with high acceleration in the starting phase as it is normally required for dry powder inhalers. 2) A constant inhalation at a flow between 40 and 90 l/min with a long duration as it is regarded to be opti…
Comparative analysis of different supporting measures for the production of electrical energy by solar PV and Wind systems: Four representative Europ…
2009
Abstract In the 9th of March 2007, the European Council decided a fixing goal of 20% contribution of the renewable energy sources (RES) on the total European electric energy production in 2020. In order to reach such an ambitious goal, all the European countries are adopting different support policies for encouraging the installations of RES-based generation systems. In this paper, after a brief review on the main support policies for RES in Europe, the specific situations of four representative countries (France, Germany, Italy and Spain) are examined, with the purpose of putting into evidence the main differences in the support policies adopted for Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind systems. In p…
Feed-in Tariffs for Grid-connected PV Systems: The Situation in the European Community
2007
Distributed generation demonstrates to be able to significantly influence the electric power system bringing considerable benefits to the quality of service and improving the energetic efficiency of the distribution network. In particular, in the last few years, distributed generation from renewable sources is considerably increased thanks to the many support policies promoted worldwide with the aim of facing the environmental issue and the problem of the permanent rise of prices of the fossil energy. In this contest the paper presents a study of the "feed-in tariffs" financing measure carried out, at present, in many European countries and responsible of the increase in these last years of…
Some aspects regarding natural gas and bibliometric networks
2021
In this paper, some aspects about natural gas, natural gas measurement, unauthorized interventions and stopping them were presented. A Scientometric study was conducted by querying the Web of Science database for the field of "natural gas". Based on the data obtained from Web of Science, the bibliometric relays were built using VOSviewer software. Bibliometric networks are useful for establishing the direction of research. The connections created in this software indicate your publications, magazines, researchers, the countries in which it was published, your interest in the subject of "natural gas" depending on the years. Product quality management and risk management proposes the elaborat…
Effects of network pressure on water meter under-registration: an experimental analysis
2018
Abstract. In water supply systems, a considerable amount of apparent loss is caused by meter under-registration. Water meters are subject to intrinsic systemic error depending on the actual flow rates passing through them. Furthermore, the moving parts of the meter are subject to wear and tear that progressively reduce meter accuracy. The increase in systemic error is especially evident at low flow rates because of growing friction in the rotating mechanism, which requires a higher flow to start the meter (starting flow). The aim of this paper is to experimentally investigate metering error in an attempt to find a direct link between meter age, network pressure and apparent losses caused by…
Metrological characterization and operating principle identification of static meters for reactive energy: an experimental approach under nonsinusoid…
2009
In this paper, an experimental approach is proposed for the metrological characterization of the static meters for reactive energy and for the individuation of their operating principle in nonsinusoidal conditions. The proposed approach was developed by starting from the only available accuracy test condition in the presence of the harmonics introduced by the standards for active static meters. In this paper, the proposed approach is described, and some experimental tests are presented, which were performed on some meters of different accuracy classes and with both known and unknown operating principles.
The Measurement of Reactive Energy in Polluted Distribution Power Systems: An Analysis of the Performance of Commercial Static Meters
2008
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performances of both a traditional induction meter and various types of commercial static meters for reactive energy in the presence of harmonic distortion. This is a topical issue, since there are several types of static meters on the market, based on different principles of construction. In accordance with current standards, these meters are designed to operate in sinusoidal conditions and their performance is not tested in the presence of harmonic distortion. However, with the increase of pollution levels in power systems, the meters may be used even in the presence of distorted voltages and/or currents; in such cases, their accuracy may …
Noise levels of a track-laying tractor during field operations in the vineyard
2013
Noise in agriculture is one of the risk factors to be taken into account in the assessment of the health and safety of workers; in particular, it is known that the tractor is a source of high noise. The Italian Low Decree 81/2008 defined the requirements for assessing and managing noise risk identifying a number of procedures to be adopted at different noise levels to limit workers exposure. This paper concerns the analysis of the noise risk arising from the use of a tracklaying tractor during field operations carried out in the vineyard. The objective of this study was to evaluate the noise level that comes close to the ear of the operator driving the tractor measuring the values of equiva…
A Novel Wireless Sensor Network for Electric Power Metering
2013
Wireless sensor network with lightweight and efficient communication infrastructures are today a great interest, both at research and industrial level, as they are the basis for reliable monitoring services. Mesh networks are ideal candidates in this scenario, as they can be very fault-tolerant. After introducing wireless network systems requirements, we show the design of a mesh network routing protocol based on AODV schemas. Its implementation runs on top of low-cost off-the-shelf components, and allowed us to build a custom power meter wireless sensor node.