Search results for " Meter"
showing 10 items of 123 documents
Salt extraction from lime-based mortars: An experimental study using different poultice formulations
2020
Abstract The extractive capability of soluble salts in poultices treatments currently used in mortar conservation (ArbocelTM plus sepiolite; ArbocelTM, sepiolite and sand; Westox-Cocoon®) were tested to evaluate their efficiency and compatibility with specific mortar substrate. The pore size distribution of the experimental mortar substrate and of the blank dried poultices were preliminarily accomplished by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Desalination tests were carried out on specifically-formulated mortars after capillary absorption of Na2SO4 0.3 M solution. The efficiency of salt extraction was measured by means of electrical conductivity meter and ion chromatography. Among the test…
Low Cost Electrical Current Sensors with Extremely Wide Measurement Range
2015
A new electrical current measurement system is presented. It features the ability to dynamically and automatically change its measurement range to the sensed current amplitude without user action. It also exhibits galvanic isolation and near zero insertion loss characteristics.
PANI-Based Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for pH Sweat Monitoring
2021
Nowadays, we are assisting in the exceptional growth in research relating to the development of wearable devices for sweat analysis. Sweat is a biofluid that contains useful health information and allows a non-invasive, continuous and comfortable collection. For this reason, it is an excellent biofluid for the detection of different analytes. In this work, electrochemical sensors based on polyaniline thin films deposited on the flexible substrate polyethylene terephthalate coated with indium tin oxide were studied. Polyaniline thin films were abstained by the potentiostatic deposition technique, applying a potential of +2 V vs. SCE for 90 s. To improve the sensor performance, the electronic…
District metered area design through multicriteria and multiobjective optimization
2022
[EN] The design of district metered areas (DMA) in potable water supply systems is of paramount importance for water utilities to properly manage their systems. Concomitant to their main objective, namely, to deliver quality water to consumers, the benefits include leakage reduction and prompt reaction in cases of natural or malicious contamination events. Given the structure of a water distribution network (WDN), graph theory is the basis for DMA design, and clustering algorithms can be applied to perform the partitioning. However, such sectorization entails a number of network modifications (installing cut-off valves and metering and control devices) involving costs and operation changes,…
Incremental heuristic approach for meter placement in radial distribution systems
2019
The evolution of modern power distribution systems into smart grids requires the development of dedicated state estimation (SE) algorithms for real-time identification of the overall system state variables. This paper proposes a strategy to evaluate the minimum number and best position of power injection meters in radial distribution systems for SE purposes. Measurement points are identified with the aim of reducing uncertainty in branch power flow estimations. An incremental heuristic meter placement (IHMP) approach is proposed to select the locations and total number of power measurements. The meter placement procedure was implemented for a backward/forward load flow algorithm proposed by…
On the Distance-Constrained Close Enough Arc Routing Problem
2021
[EN] Arc routing problems consist basically of finding one or several routes traversing a given set of arcs and/or edges that must be serviced. The Close-Enough Arc Routing Problem, or Generalized Directed Rural Postman Problem, does not assume that customers are located at specific arcs, but can be serviced by traversing any arc of a given subset. Real-life applications include routing for meter reading, in which a vehicle equipped with a receiver travels a street network. If the vehicle gets within a certain distance of a meter, the receiver collects its data. Therefore, only a few streets which are close enough to the meters need to be traversed. In this paper we study the generalization…
On the methodologies for the calibration of static electricity meters in the presence of harmonic distortion
2010
This paper is focused on the problems related to the calibration of static electricity meters with nonsinusoidal test waveforms. This is an up-to-date issue since the harmonic distortion levels are ever increasing, especially in low-voltage power systems, and in such conditions the performances of the modern static electricity meters can be negatively affected, depending on the implemented measurement algorithm. Thus it is important to test the meters with nonsinusoidal waveforms. The paper analyzes the problems related to both the choice of the test signals to be used for calibration and the implemented metric, with a particular focus on the reactive energy meters. The analysis is supporte…
Measurement uncertainty impact on simplified load flow analysis in MV smart grids
2018
This work is focused on the measurement uncertainty impact on load flow analysis in medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. In more detail, the paper presents the uncertainty evaluation of a simplified load flow algorithm, which is based on the load power measurements at each secondary substation and one voltage measurement at the slack bus (i.e. the voltage at the MV bus bars of the primary substation). To reduce the costs of the monitoring system, the load flow algorithm makes use of LV load power measurements for all the substations except those of MV users, where MV transducers are usually already installed. The uncertainties on the algorithm input quantities (load powers and slack b…
Water-Controlled Crystallization of CaCO3, SrCO3, and MnCO3 from Amorphous Precursors
2018
Calcium carbonate is the most abundant biomineral, whose amorphous form is stabilized in nature by a variety of organic additives and water. It is used to manipulate the morphology of new materials and to make strong inorganic/organic hybrid materials. However, the crystallization pathways (e.g., nucleation and growth, two-step nucleation pathways involving disordered, amorphous, or dense liquid states preceding the appearance of crystalline phases) remain often unclear. We have synthesized three amorphous carbonates, CaCO3 (ACC), SrCO3 (ASC), and MnCO3 (AMnC), that do not require any stabilization by additives to study their crystallization kinetics and mechanisms in the presence of water.…
Endless forms. Evolutionary scenarios to unravel biodiversity
2020
In this monograph we set out to explore this complex relationship through a series of singular evolutionary scenarios. Some of these scenarios will shed light into phenomena that may at first glance appear inscrutable through the lens of evolution. Our aim is to illustrate the power harnessed by evolutionary biology to tackle some of the most pressing challenges we face as a species, from the diseases that threaten our survival to the recent anthropogenic changes that endanger the only planet we inhabit.