Search results for " Methods"
showing 10 items of 4102 documents
Studi greci e latini nell?antica Università di Altamura (1748-1821)
2019
The article tries to highlight, despite the scarse of available documentation, the Greek and Latin studies (language and texts) in the ancient Apulian University in Altamura (1748-1821). Furthermore, on the basis of unpublished archival materials (school registers and student workbooks) it is possible to shed light on the ancient authors explained at school, the teaching methods, and the study practices.
A marching-on in time meshless kernel based solver for full-wave electromagnetic simulation
2012
A meshless particle method based on an unconditionally stable time domain numerical scheme, oriented to electromagnetic transient simulations, is presented. The proposed scheme improves the smoothed particle electromagnetics method, already developed by the authors. The time stepping is approached by using the alternating directions implicit finite difference scheme, in a leapfrog way. The proposed formulation is used in order to efficiently overcome the stability relation constraint of explicit schemes. In fact, due to this constraint, large time steps cannot be used with small space steps and vice-versa. The same stability relation holds when the meshless formulation is applied together w…
The feasibility of pulsed light processing in the meat industry
2019
Abstract Today, the increasing demand for minimally processed foods that are nutritious, sensorially acceptable, and free from microbial, chemical and physical hazards, challenges research and development to establish alternative methods to reduce the level of bacterial contamination. As one of the newly developing non-thermal methods, pulsed light is a technology for the fast, mild, and residue-free surface decontamination of meat and meat contact materials in the meat processing environment. This review provides specific information on pulsed light technology and the feasibility of its application for unpackaged and packaged meat and meat products as well as meat contact materials. The ad…
Non-chromatographic speciation
2010
We evaluate the main strategies for screening trace-element species in most types of sample to establish their strengths and weaknesses, as they offer fast, sensitive and cheaper alternatives to classical methods involving chromatography. We consider the principles of non-chromatographic speciation analysis, based on the different behaviors of chemical species before measurement by atomic and molecular spectrometry and electroanalytical methods, so as to give an update on the literature in this field of research.
Enantiodifferentiation of acyclic phosphonium salts in chiral liquid crystalline solutions
2006
Abstract The enantiodifferentiation of acyclic phosphonium salts bearing a stereogenic centre, whether on the phosphorus atom or on one of its substituents, was investigated by 2 H–{ 1 H}, 13 C–{ 1 H} and 31 P–{ 1 H} NMR in chiral liquid crystals composed of a polypeptide dissolved in an organic solvent. For the first time, the enantiomers of P-chirogenic phosphorus compounds were discriminated in these anisotropic media, affording good to excellent separation of the signals, allowing the determination of their proportion. While 31 P–{ 1 H} NMR spectra showed no chiral separation, 2 H–{ 1 H} NMR was efficient in the enantiodifferentiation of an isotopically labelled compound. Better still, …
Do Overoptimistic Men Drive Creative Destruction? Evidence of Gendered Inventive Activity in Finland
2017
This study extends the analysis of the "patenting gender gap" into design rights and utility model (UMs), which are alternative methods for protecting intellectual property (IP). The analysis is descriptive and uses registry data from the Finnish patent and registration office (PRH) covering the years 1982–2013. A persistent gender gap is found for all intellectual property rights (IPRs): women are inventors and designers only in a small share of filings. The gap has narrowed over time for national patent and design right filings but not for UM filings. It is found that, in comparison to men, women are relatively less often individual inventors or designers and more often members of invento…
Organized assemblies of magnetic clusters
2003
Abstract In this work we have explored the possibilities to create layered organizations of the Mn 12 single-molecule magnets using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique or attaching these clusters onto a metal surface by preparing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). In the first part we discuss the use of the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique in order to obtain organized magnetic films formed by monolayers of these clusters. Two strategies have been used with this aim. The first one consists of mixing Mn 12 acetate or benzoate derivatives with an amphiphile, while the second procedure is based on the use of Mn 12 derivatives specifically designed to form LB films. An alternative method is that of p…
Notes on the Use of the Tables of Standard ISO 7730 for the Evaluation of the PMV Index
1996
Standard ISO 7730, which is also known as European Standard EN-ISO 7730, provides two alternative methods for the evaluation of the predicted mean vote (PMV) index: a calculation program and a set of tables. In order to use the tables, the operative temperature must be calculated beforehand. The impres sion is given from reading the standard that for a relative humidity of 50%, the two methods are equivalent, i.e. provide the same value for PMV, from the same initial values. In this paper, examples are given showing that the two methods are not equivalent. Differences between them are analysed and a proposal made to introduce an amendment in the next revision of the stan dard.
ChemInform Abstract: Non-Conventional Methods and Media for the Activation and Manipulation of Carbon Nanoforms
2014
Very often, chemical transformations require tedious and long procedures, which, sometimes, can be avoided using alternative methods and media. New protocols, enabling us to save time and solvents, allow us also to explore new reaction profiles. This Tutorial Review focuses on the physical and chemical behavior of carbon nanoforms, CNFs (fullerenes, nanotubes, nanohorns, graphene, etc.) when non-conventional methods and techniques, such as microwave irradiation, mechano-chemistry or highly ionizing radiations are employed. In addition, the reactivity of CNFs in non-conventional media such as water, fluorinated solvents, supercritical fluids, or ionic liquids is also discussed.
An Alternative Paradigm to Evaluate the Acquisition of the van Hiele Levels
1991
This article presents an alternative way of analyzing the van Hiele level of students’ geometrical reasoning. We evaluate the students’ answers, taking into account the van Hiele level they reflect and their mathematical accuracy. This gives us a description of how accomplished the students are in applying the procedures associated with each of the van Hiele levels and allows us to determine the students’ degree of acquisition of the van Hiele levels. In this way we obtain a clearer picture of the students’ geometrical reasoning than with the traditional assignment of one van Hiele level to the learners. An example of the application of this method is provided: We describe a test that evalu…