Search results for " Modelling"
showing 10 items of 1055 documents
Quantitative analysis of the effect of controlled-release formulation on nonlinear gastrointestinal absorption of P-glycoprotein substrate talinolol …
2020
Abstract Oral absorption of talinolol, a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), from a sustained-release (SR) formulation was reportedly decreased compared to that from an immediate-release (IR) formulation. The aim of this study was to predict and understand the effect of controlled-release formulation on the oral absorption of P-gp substrates by developing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) absorption model incorporating multiple kinetic parameters obtained from in vitro studies, using talinolol as a model substrate. Simulation analysis using the developed PBPK absorption model indicated that the clinically observed marked decrease in the plasma concentration of talinolol adminis…
Application of the General Model "Biological Nutrient Removal Model No.1" to upgrade two full-scale WWTPs
2012
In this paper, two practical case studies for upgrading two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using the general model BNRM1 (Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 1) are presented. In the first case study, the Tarragona WWTP was upgraded by reducing the phosphorus load to the anaerobic digester in order to minimize the precipitation problems. Phosphorus load reduction was accomplished by mixing the primary sludge and the secondary sludge and by elutriating the mixed sludge. In the second case study, the Alcantarilla WWTP, the nutrient removal was enhanced by maintaining a relatively low dissolved oxygen concentration in Stage A to maintain the acidogenic bacteria activity. The VFA produce…
Technical Note: Prediction Models of Airborne Sound Insulation of Multilayer Materials with Viscoelastic Thin Sheets
2008
The growing introduction of new insulation materials in building acoustics has caused an increase of the importance of the prediction tools. Appropriate simulations allow strictly necessary laboratory measurements to be identified. In this way, costs are reduced. The demands of new legislation has resulted in the appearance of various software designed to facilitate prediction. The prediction models are based on different hypotheses: adaptation of impedances, spatial behaviour of spectral components, statistical energy distribution, the Finite Element Method (FEM), etc. Each of these models and methods offer advantages and contain limitations. In this paper, different models for prediction…
Integrated simulation and optimization models for tracking international fixed income indices
2001
Portfolio managers in the international fixed income markets must address jointly the interest rate risk in each market and the exchange rate volatility across markets. This paper develops integrated simulation and optimization models that address these issues in a common framework. Monte Carlo simulation procedures generate jointly scenarios of interest and exchange rates and, thereby, scenarios of holding period returns of the available securities. The portfolio manager’s risk tolerance is incorporated either through a utility function or a (modified) mean absolute deviation function. The optimization models prescribe asset allocation weights among the different markets and also resolve b…
A distributed real-time data prediction and adaptive sensing approach for wireless sensor networks
2018
International audience; Many approaches have been proposed in the literature to reduce energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Influenced by the fact that radio communication and sensing are considered to be the most energy consuming activities in such networks. Most of these approaches focused on either reducing the number of collected data using adaptive sampling techniques or on reducing the number of data transmitted over the network using prediction models. In this article, we propose a novel prediction-based data reduction method. furthermore, we combine it with an adaptive sampling rate technique, allowing us to significantly decrease energy consumption and extend the …
Mid-term trends and recent birth-cohort-dependent changes in incidence rates of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Italy
2020
In Oceania, North America and north-western Europe, after decades of increase, cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) rates began to stabilise or decline before 2000. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the reversal of the incidence trend is extending to southern Europe. To obtain a formal confirmation, this nationwide study from Italy investigated the incidence trends by birth cohort. Twenty-one local cancer registries covering a population of 15 814 455 provided incidence data for primary CMM registered between 1994 and 2013. Trends in age-standardised rates were analysed using joinpoint regression models and age-period-cohort models. Age-standardised incidence showed a consistent increase throu…
Surrogate data analysis of sleep electroencephalograms reveals evidence for nonlinearity
1996
We tested the hypothesis of whether sleep electroencephalographic (EEG) signals of different time windows (164 s, 82 s, 41 s and 20.5 s) are in accordance with linear stochastic models. For this purpose we analyzed the all-night sleep electroencephalogram of a healthy subject and corresponding Gaussian-rescaled phase randomized surrogates with a battery of five non-linear measures. The following nonlinear measures were implemented: largest Lyapunov exponent L1, correlation dimension D2, and the Green-Savit measures delta 2, delta 4 and delta 6. The hypothesis of linear stochastic data was rejected with high statistical significance. L1 and D2 yielded the most pronounced effects, while the G…
Natural versus enriched food: Evidence from a laboratory experiment with chewing gum.
2019
Abstract The current study explored consumers' preferences for natural versus enriched foods and identified the underlying driving forces behind consumer interest towards both attributes. A laboratory experiment with 200 respondents was carried out, applying the incentive compatible Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism to measure consumers' willingness to pay for natural and enriched attributes of chewing gum. Empirical findings reveal that the two attributes are evaluated similarly by consumers. Furthermore, structural equation modelling identified a strong interdependence between the natural and the enriched attributes, suggesting they are complementary rather than substitutes/alternatives i…
Optimizing strategies for meningococcal C disease vaccination in Valencia (Spain)
2014
Background: Meningococcal C (MenC) conjugate vaccines have controlled invasive diseases associated with this serogroup in countries where they are included in National Immunization Programs and also in an extensive catch-up program involving subjects up to 20 years of age. Catch-up was important, not only because it prevented disease in adolescents and young adults at risk, but also because it decreased transmission of the bacteria, since it was in this age group where the organism was circulating. Our objective is to develop a new vaccination schedule to achieve maximum seroprotection in these groups. Methods: A recent study has provided detailed age-structured information on the seroprote…
The use of prediction models of spontaneous pregnancy in in vitro fertilization units reveals differences between the expected results of public and …
2009
To evaluate the applicability of prediction models (PM) of spontaneous pregnancy (SP) in a population of infertile patients from a university-affiliated private assisted reproductive technology center (Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad) and in the reproductive medicine section of a public university hospital (La Fe), both belonging to the same city (Valencia, Spain) between January and December 2008. We calculated the probability of SP using the PM developed by Hunault et al. in our two populations, and observed an estimated probability of SP40% or the PM applicable in approximately 97% of the studied couples, and statistical differences between pregnancy probabilities in the two setting…