Search results for " Models"
showing 10 items of 4240 documents
CO-PARENTING IN HOMOSEXUAL AND HETEROSEXUAL COUPLES: SELF-EFFICACY AND EDUCATIONAL MODELS
2016
Structural and relationships changes involving the parental and conjugal axes represent alterations that have challenged the traditional families’ model of a married heterosexual couples and biological children. This article shows the data collected during a fact-finding survey realized between 30 partners of same-sex couples with children and 30 partners of heterosexual couples with children recruited in Sicily. Participants were offered a protocol of instruments for the measurements of perceived conjugal and familiar self-efficacy, the parenting style, and the self-perception of the dynamics in the same-sex parenting in relationship with school institution (ad hoc questionnaire). The aim …
Cognitive impairment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis can be predicted by imaging performed several years earlier.
2007
Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are common and correlate with contemporary MRI brain abnormalities, particularly atrophy, but the ability of imaging early in the disease to predict later cognitive impairment remains to be determined. Thirty relapsing—remitting MS patients recruited within three years of the onset of the disease, and in whom MRI had been performed at baseline and a year later, were assessed neuropsychologically five years later. Imaging parameters accounting for significant variance in cognitive performance were identified using multiple regressions, once confounding variables were controlled. Patients performed significantly worse than expected on tests of at…
What Will You Do Next? A Cognitive Model for Understanding Others’ Intentions Based on Shared Representations
2013
Goal-directed action selection is the problem of what to do next in order to progress towards goal achievement. This problem is computationally more complex in case of joint action settings where two or more agents coordinate their actions in space and time to bring about a common goal: actions performed by one agent influence the action possibilities of the other agents, and ultimately the goal achievement. While humans apparently effortlessly engage in complex joint actions, a number of questions remain to be solved to achieve similar performances in artificial agents: How agents represent and understand actions being performed by others? How this understanding influences the choice of ag…
The Applications of Cognitive Mechanism of Verbal Humour to the Adjustment of Depressive Mood
2018
Aims: To apply the findings of neurolinguistic research to the practical technological artifact design, the cognitive mechanism of verbal humour is comprehensively investigated and designed with EEG-based Brain Computer interfaces and Mobile Health, under the guidance of technology design theory, to help with the adjustment of depressive mood. Application Base: The intervention effect of verbal humour on depressive mood is rooted in their cognitive mechanisms. The right hemisphere of the brain has a dominant effect on both verbal humour and depressive mood; some specific brain regions, such as amygdala, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus etc., are particularly activated during the processing of…
Part 2. They scare because we care: The relationship between obsessive intrusive thoughts and appraisals and control strategies across 15 cities
2014
Abstract Cognitive models of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) purport that obsessions are normal intrusive thoughts that are misappraised as significant, leading to negative emotional responses and maladaptive attempts to control the thoughts and related emotions. This paper utilised a large multi-national dataset of interview data regarding intrusive thoughts, to investigate three questions related to the cognitive model of OCD and to its stability across cultures. First, the paper aimed to investigate the implicit yet-hitherto-untested assumption of cognitive models that misappraisals and control strategies for intrusive thoughts relate similarly across cultures. Second, this study aim…
The Psychology of Thinking in Creating AI
2021
The broad-scale emergence of AI in industry calls forth basic questions in terms of the knowledge bases and approaches relevant for its design. Engineering design has been mainly developed for electromechanical artifacts. In practice, this has meant that the scientific knowledge required for creating technical artifacts such as engines, cars, ships, cranes, telephones, radios, TVs, and simple data processing units has been natural science. However, one cannot find intelligent processes by means of physics and chemistry. Natural scientific phenomena follow their deterministic laws, but intelligence is based on selection and decision processes. The conceptual landscape of natural science is o…
Studying Utility of Personal Usage-History: A Software Tool for Enabling Empirical Research
2007
Managing personal information space and working context is complicated in computerized environment. One well-known cause for the problem is that digital information is superficially fragmented into different data types and structures. Several unifying approaches have been proposed to facilitate semantic connections between them. Particularly in personal information retrieval, temporal information has turned to be useful. Hence, in this article, we present an empirical research setting for studying the utility of representing personal usage-history in information retrieval by comparing it with more traditional hierarchical representation. The research setting is based on a software Tool that…
Intentional strategies that make co-actors more predictable: The case of signaling
2013
AbstractPickering & Garrod (P&G) explain dialogue dynamics in terms of forward modeling and prediction-by-simulation mechanisms. Their theory dissolves a strict segregation between production and comprehension processes, and it links dialogue to action-based theories of joint action. We propose that the theory can also incorporate intentional strategies that increase communicative success: for example, signaling strategies that help remaining predictable and forming common ground.
Learning processes in user training
2010
While the maturing research literature on training has generated increasingly sophisticated and more comprehensive theoretical models, the actual process through which users learn to use a system remains a relatively neglected area. The extant literature that has paid attention to processes have conceptualized these as structures and examined them through variance studies. In this paper, we address this knowledge gap by advancing hermeneutics as a lens to depict the process through which users come to learn about the system. We explain the hermeneutic process, situate it in a training context and illustrate our conceptualization by interpreting a specific training program at a large organiz…
Crossing Boundaries: Why Physics Can Help Understand Economics
2019
Socio-economic systems can often successfully be treated as complex systems in the statistical physics sense. This means that the complexity resides in the emerging dynamical behaviour, not in a complicated composition. In order to understand why physics can help to understand socio-economic phenomena with complex behaviour in this sense, I argue that it is necessary to adopt a structural perspective. Accordingly, one has to modify the notion of mechanistic explanations, partly by broadening it. One crucial tool for finding mechanistic explanations in such a structural sense, are minimal models, i.e. models that abstract from micro details in a drastic way. I will show why mechanistic expla…