Search results for " Neutral"
showing 10 items of 654 documents
Neutralismo e interventismo in Filippo Meda
2019
Filippo Meda (Milan 1869-1939), lawyer, journalist and leading member of the Lombard Catholic movement, was the first Catholic deputy to enter the Parliament in the Kingdom of Italy. Elected for the first time in 1909, re-elected in 1913, 1919 and 1921, was minister of finance during the government of national unity, under the leadership of Paolo Boselli, and during the following government under Vittorio Emanuele Orlando. At the beginning of World War I, Meda opted for neutrality, but soon he changed his position for strictly political reasons. During his parliamentary and governmental terms, his thoughts, his writings and his speeches took part in the long debate about the crisis of the I…
Suitability of two rapid lateral flow immunochromatographic assays for predicting SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing activity of sera
2020
Purpose: Assessment of commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays for their capacity to provide reliable information on sera neutralizing activity is an emerging need. We evaluated the performance of two commercially-available lateral flow immunochromatographic assays (LFIC) (Wondfo SARS-CoV-2 Antibody test and the INNOVITA 2019-nCoV Ab test) in comparison with a SARS-CoV-2 neutralization pseudotyped assay for COVID-19 diagnosis in hospitalized patients, and investigate whether the intensity of the test band in LFIC associates with neutralizing antibody (NtAb) titers. Patients and Methods: Ninety sera were included from 51 patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)…
Site symmetry approach applied to the supercell model of MgAl2O4 spinel with oxygen interstitials: Ab initio calculations
2018
This study has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has been provided funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The authors are indebted to E.A. Kotomin, A.I. Popov and R. Vila for stimulating discussions. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Calculations have been performed using both the Marconi supercomputer system at the Computational Simulation Centre (Italy) and the Computer Center of St. Petersburg State University.
Przestrzenne ograniczenie teatru wojny w kontekście praw i obowiązków państw neutralnych
2018
Współcześnie, tradycyjnie rozumiana kategoria państwa neutralnego uległa zmianie. Spowodowane jest to przede wszystkim ewolucją nietykalności terytorium państwa. Obecnie, tradycyjnie rozumiana nietykalność terytorialna państwa, wobec współczesnych, technicznych możliwości prowadzenia wojny musi, w sensie regulacji prawnomiędzynarodowych, ulec zmianie. Należy jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że dotychczasowa neutralność państwa jest li tylko kategorią historyczną
Calibration of optimal execution of financial transactions in the presence of transient market impact
2012
Trading large volumes of a financial asset in order driven markets requires the use of algorithmic execution dividing the volume in many transactions in order to minimize costs due to market impact. A proper design of an optimal execution strategy strongly depends on a careful modeling of market impact, i.e. how the price reacts to trades. In this paper we consider a recently introduced market impact model (Bouchaud et al., 2004), which has the property of describing both the volume and the temporal dependence of price change due to trading. We show how this model can be used to describe price impact also in aggregated trade time or in real time. We then solve analytically and calibrate wit…
Optimization and Multicriteria Evaluation of District Heat Production and Storage
2019
Climate change mitigation policy requires reducing dependence on fossil fuels and transition to low carbon energy production in district heating (DH). We study here inclusion of two kinds of renewable energy to a CHP based DH system in Finland: solar heat and ground source heat. In addition, we apply heat storages to balance the gap between production and fluctuating demand. The optimal operation of the extended systems is determined by a simulation and optimization model to minimize the operating costs. We evaluate the different possible extensions in terms of multiple economic, technical and environmental criteria using Stochastic Multicriteria Acceptability Analysis (SMAA). The results s…
Clean air, technology, glocalization: how can we clean up the Planet with small little actions that resonate globally? Blockchain may be the answer
2022
Amongst the lessons that the Covid-19 pandemic has taught us, there is at least one lesson for each of these three words: clean air, technology and glocalization. Clean air: research has noticed a link between polluted air and the spread of the virus, in a game where the former helps the latter. Do we need further evidence that polluted air is bad? Technology: smart working, schools, everything during lockdown functions thanks to stable internet and connected devices. Glocalization: small actions can resonate, as a virus can spread if citizens move across countries or go out without wearing masks. To make sure we reach our goals – be them the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the thresholds…
Sustainable Development Goals and Performance Measurement of Positive Energy District: A Methodological Approach
2021
The “Positive Energy Districts and Neighbourhoods for Sustainable Urban Development” program launched by the European Union can be considered a milestone towards the clean energy transition and carbon neutrality of urban areas. The achievement of this ambitious transition requires properly defined methodologies and action plans grounded on the main environmental, economic, and social pillars of sustainability. This paper is focused on the definition of a methodology for the characterization of PEDs sustainability assessment in terms of Sustainable Development Goals. In particular, the main research question to be answered regards the allocation of the surplus energy of PEDs to target the su…
Soil Quality Characterization of Mediterranean Areas under Desertification Risk for the Implementation of Management Schemes Aimed at Land Degradatio…
2020
Soil is a key component of ecosystems as it provides fundamental ecosystem functions and services, first of all supporting primary productivity, by physical, chemical and biological interaction with plants. However, soil loss and degradation are at present two of the most critical environmental issues. This phenomenon is particularly critical in Mediterranean areas, where inappropriate land management, in combination with the increasingly harshening of climatic conditions due to Climate Change, is leading to significant land degradation and desertification and is expected to worsen in the future, leading to economic and social crisis. In such areas, it is of fundamental importance to apply …
Participation Costs and Inefficiency in Takeover Contests
2010
We consider a takeover in which risk neutral bidders incur private costs to participate to the auction. Supposing that valuations for target firm are common knowledge, we study the optimal strategy of bidders and analyze the takeover result when they get or not toeholds in the target firm. We found that bidder's decision of participation is endogenous. By analyzing bidder's condition of participation, we found that the probability that the potential bidder with the highest valuation will not participate to the control, exists. We show that this probability increases with the size of toeholds possessed by the bidder with low valuation. Nevertheless, the size of toeholds possessed by the bidd…