Search results for " Nicotine"

Acute intermittent nicotine treatment induces fibroblast growth factor-2 in the subventricular zone of the adult rat brain and enhances neuronal prec…

2007

Abstract Over the past years, evidence has accumulated that stem cells are present in the adult brain, and generate neurons and/or glia from two active germinal zones: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This study shows that acute intermittent nicotine treatment significantly enhances neuronal precursor cell proliferation in the SVZ of adult rat brain, but not in the SGZ of the hippocampus, and pre-treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist, blocks the enhanced precursor proliferation by nicotine. This effect is supported by up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) mRNA …

Behavioral effects of combined environmental enrichment and chronic nicotine administration in male NMRI mice

2013

Abstract Environmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental paradigm which provides sensory, social, physical and cognitive stimulation for rodents. Experimental evidence indicates that this type of housing induces different neurobiological and behavioral changes. However, few studies have evaluated the consequences of combined exposure to an enriched environment and nicotine administration during a critical period of development such as adolescence. Taking into account previous studies, it can be hypothesized that a chronic treatment with nicotine would modulate the effects of rearing animals in enriched environments. In the current study, our main aim was to evaluate the effects of EE and c…

Nicotine-induced fibroblast growth factor-2 restores the age-related decline of precursor cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of rat brain.

2007

Precursor cell proliferation is present in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of adult rat and persists during aging although at reduced levels. Previous studies have shown that acute intermittent nicotine treatment significantly increases fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) expression in several brain regions of aged rats. The aim of the present investigation was to test the hypothesis that nicotine-induced expression of FGF-2 may restore the age-related decline of precursor cell proliferation. It was first demonstrated that nicotine treatment increases both mRNA and protein FGF-2 in the SVZ of aged …

Tobacco-related cardiovascular risk in women: New issues and therapeutic perspectives

2021

Smoking is the main modifiable risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction, particularly in women; its prevalence in France is evolving, and new patterns of nicotine consumption have emerged.To present contemporary data on smoking prevalence and the use of electronic cigarettes, and to describe current knowledge of the cardiovascular risk specificities and the effectiveness of withdrawal methods in women.We identified studies by searching the MEDLINE bibliographic database between 1995 and 2020, and the Weekly Epidemiological Bulletin (Bulletin Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire) published by the French health authorities.In recent years, smoking prevalence among French women has decreased o…

Recommendations of the treatment-resistant depression expert center network for promoting tobacco smoking cessation based on the results from the rea…

2022

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking has been associated with suicide, impulsivity and depression in non-clinical populations with differences across sexes. Objective To determine the role of tobacco smoking in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) according to sex in a precision-medicine approach. Method The FACE-TRD cohort is a national cohort of TRD patients recruited in 13 resistant depression expert centers between 2014 and 2021 and followed-up at 6 months. A standardized one-day long comprehensive battery was carried out, including trained-clinician and patient-reported outcomes, and patients were reevaluated at 6 months on their smoking and psychiatric hospitalization outcomes. Results…

Substance use, medication adherence and outcome one year following a first episode of psychosis

2016

Both substance use and poor medication adherence are associated with poor outcome in psychosis. To clarify the contributions of substance use and poor medication adherence to poor outcome in the year following a first episode of psychosis, 205 patients were evaluated for use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and stimulants at their psychosis onset, and in a 1-year follow-up. Data on medication adherence and symptom remission were also collected. Patients had high rates of overall substance use before (37-65%) and after psychosis onset (45-66%). 44% showed poor medication adherence and 55% did not reach remission from psychosis. Nicotine dependence and cannabis use after psychosis onset signific…

Influence of E-smoking liquids on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

2014

Introduction: Over the last years, electronic cigarettes (ECs) have become more popular, particularly in individuals who want to give up smoking tobacco. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the different e-smoking liquids on the viability and proliferation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Method and materials: For this study six test solutions with components from ECs were selected: lime-, hazelnut- and menthol-flavored liquids, nicotine, propylene glycol, and PBS as control group. The fibroblasts were incubated up to 96 h with the different liquids, and cell viability was measured by using the PrestoBlue® reagent, the ATP detection and the migration assay.…

Increased Cardiovascular Risk Associated With E-Cigarette Use

2017

Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in young adolescents following implementation of smoke-free policy in Italy.

2009

We investigated acute and chronic exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in a cohort of young adolescents using urinary cotinine and hair nicotine testing after recent implementation of Italian smoke free legislation. Study subjects were 372 Italian young adolescents, between 10 and 16 years of age from the principal city of Sicily, Palermo. Urine and hair samples were collected between November 2005 and May 2006, when the legislation to ban smoking in all the enclosed places of employment (including bars, restaurants, pubs) was completely enforced. An exhaustive questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics and active and passive exposure to cigarette smoking was complete…

P50 sensory gating and smoking in the general population

2011

P50 gating is a major functional biomarker in research on schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions with high smoking prevalence. It is used as endophenotype for studying nicotinic systems genetics and as surrogate endpoint measure for drug development of nicotinic agonists. Surprisingly, little is known about P50 gating in the general population and the relationship to smoking-related characteristics. In this multicenter study at six academic institutions throughout Germany, n = 907 never-smokers (NS < 20 cigarettes/lifetime), n = 463 light smokers (LS) with Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) ≥ 4 and n = 353 heavy smokers (HS, FTND < 4) were randomly selected from the gene…