Search results for " Outer"
showing 9 items of 129 documents
Interaction of glutamic-acid-rich proteins with the cGMP signalling pathway in rod photoreceptors.
1999
The assembly of signalling molecules into macromolecular complexes (transducisomes) provides specificity, sensitivity and speed in intracellular signalling pathways. Rod photoreceptors in the eye contain an unusual set of glutamic-acid-rich proteins (GARPs) of unknown function. GARPs exist as two soluble forms, GARP1 and GARP2, and as a large cytoplasmic domain (GARP' part) of the beta-subunit of the cyclic GMP-gated channel. Here we identify GARPs as multivalent proteins that interact with the key players of cGMP signalling, phosphodiesterase and guanylate cyclase, and with a retina-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCR), through four, short, repetitive sequences. In electron mic…
Polyamines and ripening of photoreceptor outer segments in chicken embryos.
1995
Abstract Polyamines and their related monoacetyl derivatives were studied in rod outer segment (ROS) and cone outer segment (COS) of photoreceptor cells from chick embryo retina during eye development (7th–18th days). Putrescine was found to be necessary, in the second phase of retinogenesis, to sustain both ROS and COS differentiation and, after acetylation, γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis. On the other hand, spermidine and even more spermine intervene in the third phase of development when photoreceptors mature. Moreover, the presence of N1-acetylspermidine already at the 7th day indicates that in the outer segment of photoreceptor cells too, as in the whole retina, putrescine synthesis com…
Glaucomatous Maculopathy: Thickness Differences on Inner and Outer Macular Layers between Ocular Hypertension and Early Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma U…
2020
The purpose of this study was to compare the thickness of all inner and outer macular layers between ocular hypertension (OHT) and early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) 8 × 8 posterior pole algorithm (8 × 8 PPA). Fifty-seven eyes of 57 OHT individuals and fifty-seven eyes of 57 early POAG patients were included. The thickness of macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform and nuclear layer, photoreceptor layer (PRL) and retinal pigment epithelium were obtained in 64 cells for each macular layer and mean thickness of superior and inf…
The Efflux Pump MexXY/OprM Contributes to the Tolerance and Acquired Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Colistin
2020
The intrinsic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to polymyxins in part relies on the addition of 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose (Ara4N) molecules to the lipid A of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), through induction of operon arnBCADTEF-ugd (arn) expression. As demonstrated previously, at least three two-component regulatory systems (PmrAB, ParRS, and CprRS) are able to upregulate this operon when bacteria are exposed to colistin. In the present study, gene deletion experiments with the bioluminescent strain PAO1::lux showed that ParRS is a key element in the tolerance of P. aeruginosa to this last-resort antibiotic (i.e., resistance to early drug killing). Other loci of the ParR regulon, such as th…
Ultrastructural evidence for protection of the outer hair cells of the inner ear during intense noise exposure by application of the organic calcium …
1999
Outer hair cells could be protected during intense noise exposure by the application of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem given before and after noise treatment. After various experimental approaches, the ultrastructural morphology was analysed for the different animal populations in the basal part of the second turn of the cochlea, which was the most destroyed area after an acute noise trauma caused by a gun shot (sound pressure at the ear drum 156 dB, frequency maximum between 4 and 6 kHz). Compared to untreated control specimens (experimental animal group I), the outer hair cells in the basal part of the second turn of the cochlea were mostly destroyed without any diltiazem applicati…
Prawo kosmiczne w kontekście trzech reżimów prawnych. Jedność celów czy egoizm interesów?
2021
W artykule zaprezentowano aktualne kwestie związane z wykorzystaniem przestrzeni kosmicznej wraz ze wskazaniem konieczności przestrzegania obowiązujących regulacji, współtworzących międzynarodowe prawo kosmiczne. Zaprezentowano swego rodzaju proces ‒ ewolucję wykorzystywania przestrzeni kosmicznej, począwszy od monopolu państw, przez zdefiniowane wolą państw działania organizacji międzynarodowych, kończąc na narodowych agencjach kosmicznych, będących instytucjonalnym wsparciem również dla prywatnych podmiotów. W pracy, adekwatnie do wykazanej wielopodmiotowości, prezentuje się regulacje prawne, w których pierwsze konwencje, umowy z lat 60. i 70. XX w., współtworzące międzynarodowe prawo kos…
A novel intrinsically disordered outer membrane lipoprotein ofAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitansbinds various cytokines and plays a role in biofil…
2017
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) do not have a well-defined and stable 3-dimensional fold. Some IDPs can function as either transient or permanent binders of other proteins and may interact with an array of ligands by adopting different conformations. A novel outer membrane lipoprotein, bacterial interleukin receptor I (BilRI) of the opportunistic oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans binds a key gatekeeper proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1b. Because the amino acid sequence of the novel lipoprotein resembles that of fibrinogen binder A of Haemophilus ducreyi, BilRI could have the potential to bind other proteins, such as host matrix proteins. However, from th…
HISTORY OF THE CHILDHOOD : THE REFLECTION OF THE TEACHER ’ S IMAGE IN DOLLS
2015
The toys are an indispensible part of the childhood. They influence the formation of the child’s conceptions because through them the child perceives and learns about the world. Dolls are toys that have not lost their topicality since the origins of the humankind. As the visual information dominates it is important what information is expressed by dolls-teachers because children will arrive at school having already some notions about the teacher. This can influence children’s relations with the teacher and the school. The aim of the article is to analyze the image of dolls – teachers. The used methods are the analysis of literature and material/visual sources. Pictures of 207 teachers- doll…
El proyecto de un pórtico clasicista para la iglesia de los Santos Juanes de Valencia y su impacto en el entorno urbano (1788-1856)
2020
In the year 1788, the parish of Los Santos Juanes in Valencia proposed to the City Council the erection of same classical-style portico in order to beautify its outer eastern façade, surrounding the head of the temple and relying on the Plaza del Mercado. This portico was never built, but there would be an impact of such an architectural purpose in subsequent reform plans of that outstanding urban location.