Search results for " Oxidation"
showing 10 items of 675 documents
Hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate and fasting in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat diet
2008
We investigated whether the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate and fasting observed in most omnivorous mammals may also apply to herbivorous fish. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat (8 %) diet exhibited a marked increase in blood lipids and body fat after 6 weeks. They were then treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) in the same high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by fasting for 1 week. Plasma lipid concentration, body fat amount, fatty acid composition, plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and some parameters related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation were measured, and liver samples were stained for histological examination. Fenofibrate treatment decrea…
Recent advances on stearoyl-Coa desaturase regulation in fatty liver diseases.
2012
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) is a delta-9 fatty acid desaturase that catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, SCD-1 is the critical control point regulating hepatic lipogenesis and lipid oxidation. Due to its central role in lipid metabolism in the liver, recent studies have focused on the involvement of SCD-1 in the development of fatty liver during obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, excessive alcohol consumption, and in subjects with high triglyceride blood concentrations. The accumulation of fat in liver cells can be a sign that harmful conditions are developing, possibly associated with or leading to inflammation of the liver. This review evaluates the…
Sjøgren's syndrome-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: Prospects for chemoprevention trials
2012
An involvement of oxidative stress (OS) was found in recent studies of Sjøgren's syndrome (SS) that reported significant changes in protein oxidation, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α, nitrotyrosine, and GSH levels in plasma from SS patients. Excess levels of OS markers, as oxidative DNA damage and propanoyl-lysine, were reported in saliva from SS patients. Previous reports concurred with a role of OS in SS pathogenesis, by showing a decreased expression of antioxidant activities in conjunctival epithelial cells of SS patients and in parotid gland tissue samples from SS patients. A link between OS and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) is recognized both on the grounds of the established role o…
Ghrelin reduces hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation.
2007
Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide secreted during starvation by gastric cells. Ghrelin physiologically induces food intake and seems to alter lipid and glucid metabolism in several tissues such as adipose tissue and liver. Liver has a key position in lipid metabolism as it allows the metabolic orientation of fatty acids between oxidation and esterification. We investigated the effects of peripheral ghrelin administration on 2 crucial parameters of fatty acid oxidation: the levocarnitine (L-carnitine)-dependent entry of the fatty acids in the mitochondria and the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Ghrelin was either given to rats prior to the hepatocyte preparation and culture or used to t…
Isoflavones and cardiovascular disease
2010
The specific profile of estrogens on cardiovascular risk, with limiting action on atherogenesis but a less clear protection on cardiovascular episodes, might be improved by other agonists of the estrogen receptor, such as isoflavones. By using a systematic search based on the electronic Medline database plus a hand-search of reference lists of selected review papers, we reviewed the rapidly growing body of experimental and clinical data that, on average, follow a pattern of benefit rather similar to estrogens. Experimental models have used endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, isolated arteries, and live animals, including monkeys. The clinical evidence arises from studies on the li…
Centenarian offspring: A model for understanding healthy aging
2018
Centenarians exhibit extreme longevity showing a compression of morbidity. We showed previously that microRNA expression profiles and plasma protein carbonylation in centenarians and young people are similar, whereas they are very different from that found in old individuals. This suggests that centenarians have a better control of homeostasis and are protected against oxidative damage. In this study, we aimed to determine if such characteristic microRNA expression profile and lower protein oxidation status in centenarians may be inherited by their offspring. For this purpose, we collected plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 90 septuagenarians, 68 centenarians and 46 centenar…
Protein oxidation in metabolic syndrome
2013
Purpose: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and in the progression of its complications. Carbonylated proteins are a stable marker of severe oxidative stress because damage to the protein structure is irreversible and may cause an inhibition of their enzymatic activity or an increased susceptibility to proteolysis. There are few data regarding protein oxidation in metabolic syndrome, although elevated levels of carbonyl groups are often detected in subjects with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia, well-known components of the metaboic syndrome. In particular, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus are frequent…
Short term treatment by fenofibrate enhances oxidative activities towards longchain fatty acids in the liver of lean zucker rats
1990
Lean Zucker rats were dosed orally for 1 week with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg/day). Liver weights of treated rats, expressed as per cent of body weight, were increased, while protein, DNA and triacylglycerol contents were not changed to any great extent per gram of liver, but increased when expressed per whole liver. Compared with the control animals, activities of fatty acid oxidase, of the peroxisomal fatty acid-oxidizing system and of catalase were markedly enhanced by fenofibrate, both per gram of liver and per total liver, while urate oxidase activity was slightly depressed when expressed per gram of liver. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase used as a mitochondrial marker was only higher…
Sox17 regulates liver lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting.
2014
Liver is a major regulator of lipid metabolism and adaptation to fasting, a process involving PPARalpha activation. We recently showed that the Vnn1 gene is a PPARalpha target gene in liver and that release of the Vanin-1 pantetheinase in serum is a biomarker of PPARalpha activation. Here we set up a screen to identify new regulators of adaptation to fasting using the serum Vanin-1 as a marker of PPARalpha activation. Mutagenized mice were screened for low serum Vanin-1 expression. Functional interactions with PPARalpha were investigated by combining transcriptomic, biochemical and metabolic approaches. We characterized a new mutant mouse in which hepatic and serum expression of Vanin-1 is …
Interrelationships between oxidative stress and MMP-9 in subjects with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
2016
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular events and all-cause mortality and some studies have demonstrated that the incidence of cardiovascular events is related to its severity. Our aim was to examine the oxidative status and the matrix metalloproteases (MMP) profile in a group of subjects with OSAS. We enrolled 48 subjects with OSAS, defined after a 1-night cardiorespiratory sleep study, which were subsequently subdivided in two subgroups according to the severity of OSAS: mild-moderate OSAS = “Low”, severe OSAS = “High”. We measured the parameters of oxidative stress, such as l…