Search results for " P.A.E.S."

showing 10 items of 309 documents

Half-width plots, a simple tool to predict peak shape, reveal column kinetics and characterise chromatographic columns in liquid chromatography: Stat…

2013

Peak profiles in chromatography are characterised by their height, position, width and asymmetry; the two latter depend on the values of the left and right peak half-widths. Simple correlations have been found between the peak half-widths and the retention times. The representation of such correlations has been called half-width plots. For isocratic elution, the plots are parabolic, although often, the parabolas can be approximated to straight-lines. The plots can be obtained with the half-widths/retention time data for a set of solutes experiencing the same kinetics, eluted with a mobile phase at fixed or varying composition. When the analysed solutes experience different resistance to mas…

Peak profiles in chromatography are characterised by their height position width and asymmetry; the two latter depend on the values of the left and right peak half-widths. Simple correlations have been found between the peak half-widths and the retention times. The representation of such correlations has been called half-width plots. For isocratic elution the plots are parabolic although often the parabolas can be approximated to straight-lines. The plots can be obtained with the half-widths/retention time data for a set of solutes experiencing the same kinetics eluted with a mobile phase at fixed or varying composition. When the analysed solutes experience different resistance to mass transfer the plots will be solute dependent and should be obtained with the data for each solute eluted with mobile phases at varying composition. The half-width plots approach is a simple tool that facilitates the prediction of peak shape (width and asymmetry) with optimisation purposes reveal the interaction kinetics of solutes in different columns and characterise chromatographic columns. This work shows half-width plots for different situations in isocratic elution including the use of different flows the effect of temperature the modification of the stationary phase surface by an additive the existence of specific interactions within the column and the comparison of columns. The adaptation to gradient elution is also described. Previous knowledge on half-width plots is structured and analysed to which new results are added.Work (thermodynamics)Column characterisationmedia_common.quotation_subjectKineticsLiquid chromatographyAnalytical chemistryHalf-widthsInteraction kineticsBiochemistryAsymmetryAnalytical ChemistryPeak shapeColumn (typography)Position (vector)Mass transferPhase (matter)media_commonChromatographyElutionChemistryOrganic ChemistryGeneral MedicineModels TheoreticalKineticsPredictionChromatography LiquidJournal of Chromatography A
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Planning land use for biogas energy crop production: The potential of cutaway peat production lands

2016

Each year, thousands of hectares of peatland that had been harvested are being released in Finland, which can offer an opportunity to increase energy crops and attain the bioenergy targets for non-agriculture lands. In this study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) method was used to improve the assessment of decentralized renewable energy resources. The amount of peat production lands and future cutaway areas for energy crop production was calculated as a case study by using ArcGIS and the Finnish Topographic database. There are almost 1000 km2 of peat production lands in Finland, and theoretically, approximately 300 km2 of cutaway peatlands could be used for energy crops after 30 yea…

Peat020209 energyta1172Biomass02 engineering and technologybioenergy010501 environmental sciences01 natural sciencesPhalaris arundinaceaBioenergy0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringFestuca pratensista219Waste Management and Disposal0105 earth and related environmental sciencesbiologyLand useRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentAgroforestrybusiness.industrywastelandForestryPhalaris arundinaceaGISbiology.organism_classificationPhleum pratenseRenewable energyEnergy cropbioenergiaBiofuelEnvironmental sciencebusinessAgronomy and Crop ScienceBiomass and Bioenergy
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Adaptive formative feedback to improve strategic search decisions in task-oriented reading

2014

This study analyses the effectiveness of adaptive formative feedback to boost strategic search decisions and performance when students are asked to answer a set of questions in a task-oriented reading situation. We compared automatic feedback that included information about the right answer with feedback that also included the connection between the students' strategic search decisions and their performance. Ninety-two high school students read two non-continuous texts. They received feedback during a training phase, and then they read and also received feedback with a similar text in a final phase. Text and questions were presented using a new computer-based technology that provided automa…

Peer feedbackMultimediaComputer sciencemedia_common.quotation_subjectcomputer.software_genrePhase (combat)Computer Science ApplicationsEducationFormative assessmentComprehensionReading (process)Mathematics educationTask orientedTraining phaseSet (psychology)computermedia_commonJournal of Computer Assisted Learning
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An innovative way to highlight the power of each polymorphism on the elite athletes phenotype expression

2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the probability of soccer players having the best genetic background that could increase performance, evaluating the polymorphism that are considered Performance Enhancing Polymorphism (PEPs) distributed on five genes: PPARα, PPARGC1A, NRF2, ACE e CKMM. Particularly, we investigated how each polymorphism works directly or through another polymorphism to distinguish elite athletes from non-athletic population. Materials And Methods. Sixty professional soccer players (age 22.5 ± 2.2) and sixty healthy volunteers (age 21.2± 2.3) were enrolled. Samples of venous blood was used to prepare genomic DNA. The polymorphic sites were scanned using PCR-RFLP pr…

Performance Enhancing Polymorphism physical performance soccer players genotype
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Long-term pulse profile study of the Be/X-ray pulsar SAX J2103.5+4545

2007

Aims. We present the first long-term pulse profile study of the X-ray pulsar SAX J2103.5+4545. Our main goal is to study the pulse shape correlation either with luminosity, time or energy. Methods. This Be/X-ray binary system was observed from 1999 to 2004 by RXTE PCA, and by INTEGRAL from 2002 to 2005, during the Performance and Verification (PV) phase and the Galactic Plane Scan survey (GPS). X-ray pulse profiles were obtained in different energy ranges. The long-term spectral variability of this source is studied. The long-term flux, frequency and spin-up rate histories are computed. A new set of orbital parameters are also determined. Results. The pulse shape is complex and highly varia…

Phase (waves)FluxFOS: Physical sciencesIndividualAstrophysicsUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICAAstrophysicsLuminosityPulsarX-raysPulsarsPhysicsOrbital elementsBinariesSAX J2103.5+4545Astrophysics (astro-ph)Astronomy and AstrophysicsBeGalactic planeStars:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogonia [UNESCO]Pulse (physics)X-rays ; Binaries ; Stars ; Pulsars ; Individual ; SAX J2103.5+4545 ; Close ; Emissions-line ; BeSpace and Planetary ScienceEmissions-lineUNESCO::ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA::Cosmología y cosmogoniaClose:ASTRONOMÍA Y ASTROFÍSICA [UNESCO]X-ray pulsar
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Gravity-induced liquid crystal phase transitions of colloidal platelets.

2004

he influence of gravity on a suspension of sterically stabilized colloidal gibbsite platelets is studied. An initially isotropic-nematic biphasic sample of such a suspension develops a columnar phase on the bottom on prolonged standing. This phenomenon is described using a simple osmotic compression model. We performed Monte Carlo simulations of cut spheres with aspect ratio L/D = 1/15 and took data from the literature to supply the equations of state required for the model. We find that the model describes the observed three-phase equilibrium quite well.

Phase transitionGravity (chemistry)Materials scienceMonte Carlo method: Physics [G04] [Physical chemical mathematical & earth Sciences]General Physics and AstronomyThermodynamicsCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed MatterCrystallographyColloid: Physique [G04] [Physique chimie mathématiques & sciences de la terre]Liquid crystalSPHERESPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryColumnar phaseSuspension (vehicle)The Journal of chemical physics
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Mass spectrometry of surfactant aggregates.

2012

In contrast with the enormous amount of literature produced during many decades in the field of surfactant aggregation in liquid, liquid crystalline and solid phases, only a few investigations concerning surfactant self-assembling in the gas phase as charged aggregates have been carried out until now. This lack of interest is disappointing in view of the remarkable theoretical and practical importance of the inherent knowledge. The absence of surfactant–solvent interactions makes it easier to study the role of surfactant–surfactant forces in determining their peculiar self-assembling features as well as the ability of these assemblies to incorporate selected solubilizate molecules. Thus, t…

Phase transitionLiquid crystallineChemistryAnalytical chemistrySupramolecular chemistryGeneral MedicineMass spectrometryAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsMass SpectrometryPhase TransitionGas phaseSurface-Active AgentsPulmonary surfactantChemical physicsSolid phasesMoleculeGasesSpectroscopyEuropean journal of mass spectrometry (Chichester, England)
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Copolymer Melts in Disordered Media

1996

The symmetric AB block copolymer melt in a gel matrix with preferential adsorption of A monomers on the gel gives an example of a random-field system, which is described near the point of the microphase separation transition by the random field Landau-Brazovskii Hamiltonian. By using the technique of the 2-nd Legendre transform, the phase diagram of the system is calculated. We found that the preferential adsorption of the copolymer on the gel results in two effects: a) It decreases the temperature of the first order phase transition between disordered and ordered phase. b) There exists a region on the phase diagram at some small but finite value of the adsorption energy in which the replic…

Phase transitionSpinodalRandom fieldMaterials scienceCondensed matter physicsGeneral EngineeringThermodynamicsStatistical and Nonlinear PhysicsClassical XY modelCondensed Matter::Soft Condensed Mattersymbols.namesakeLamellar phasesymbolsSymmetry breakingHamiltonian (quantum mechanics)Phase diagramJournal de Physique I
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PHASE TRANSITIONS IN HALOGENOANTIMONATE(V) CRYSTALS: [N(CH3)4]SbCl6 AND [N(C2H5)4]SbCl6

1998

Abstract New crystals of the family of alkylammonium chloroantimonates(V), [N(CH 3 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 and [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 , have been grown and systematically studied. X-ray studies show that [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 is composed of isolated cations and ideal SbCl 6 − octahedra. Differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometric and dielectric measurements reveal structural phase transitions in [N(CH 3 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 and [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 of first order at 236 and 345 K, respectively. The measurements of 1 H-NMR spin-lattice relaxation times, T 1 , show that mechanism of the phase transitions in [N(CH 3 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 and [N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 ]SbCl 6 is due to the reorientations of the tetraalkylammoniu…

Phase transitionStructural phaseStereochemistryChemistryRelaxation (NMR)Spin–lattice relaxationGeneral ChemistryDielectricCrystal structureCondensed Matter PhysicsCrystallographyDifferential scanning calorimetryOctahedronGeneral Materials ScienceJournal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
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Measurement of edge residual stresses in glass by the phase-shifting method

2011

Abstract Control and measurement of residual stress in glass is of great importance in the industrial field. Since glass is a birefringent material, the residual stress analysis is based mainly on the photoelastic method. This paper considers two methods of automated analysis of membrane residual stress in glass sheets, based on the phase-shifting concept in monochromatic light. In particular these methods are the automated versions of goniometric compensation methods of Tardy and Senarmont. The proposed methods can effectively replace manual methods of compensation (goniometric compensation of Tardy and Senarmont, Babinet and Babinet–Soleil compensators) provided by current standards on th…

PhotoelasticityBirefringenceMaterials sciencebusiness.industryMechanical EngineeringCompensation methodsEdge (geometry)Atomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsCompensation (engineering)Settore ING-IND/14 - Progettazione Meccanica E Costruzione Di MacchineOpticsResidual stresses Glass Photoelasticity Phase shifting Image processingResidual stressGoniometerMonochromatic colorElectrical and Electronic Engineeringbusiness
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