Search results for " POS"

Large genomics datasets shed light on the evolution of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

2019

Review: 5 páginas, 1 figura

Stem Cell-Derived, microRNA-Carrying Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Approach to Interfering with Mesangial Cell Collagen Production in a Hyperglycae…

2016

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are derived from stem cells are proving to be promising therapeutic options. We herein investigate the therapeutic potential of EVs that have been derived from different stem cell sources, bone-marrow (MSC) and human liver (HLSC), on mesangial cells (MCs) exposed to hyperglycaemia. By expressing a dominant negative STAT5 construct (ΔNSTAT5) in HG-cultured MCs, we have demonstrated that miR-21 expression is under the control of STAT5, which translates into Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) expression and collagen production. A number of approaches have been used to show that both MSC- and HLSC-derived EVs protect MCs from HG-induced damage via the trans…

2016

AbstractShort posterior ciliary arteries (sPCA) provide the major blood supply to the optic nerve head. Emerging evidence has linked structural and functional anomalies of sPCA to the pathogenesis of several ocular disorders that cause varying degrees of visual loss, particularly anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and glaucoma. Although the functional relevance of this vascular bed is well-recognized, the proteome of sPCA remains uncharacterized. Since the porcine ocular system closely resembles that of the human’s and is increasingly employed in translational ophthalmic research, this study characterized the proteome of porcine sPCA employing the mass spectrometry-based proteomics strateg…

Toward a direct and scalable identification of reduced models for categorical processes.

2017

The applicability of many computational approaches is dwelling on the identification of reduced models defined on a small set of collective variables (colvars). A methodology for scalable probability-preserving identification of reduced models and colvars directly from the data is derived—not relying on the availability of the full relation matrices at any stage of the resulting algorithm, allowing for a robust quantification of reduced model uncertainty and allowing us to impose a priori available physical information. We show two applications of the methodology: (i) to obtain a reduced dynamical model for a polypeptide dynamics in water and (ii) to identify diagnostic rules from a standar…

A clustering package for nucleotide sequences using Laplacian Eigenmaps and Gaussian Mixture Model.

2018

International audience; In this article, a new Python package for nucleotide sequences clustering is proposed. This package, freely available on-line, implements a Laplacian eigenmap embedding and a Gaussian Mixture Model for DNA clustering. It takes nucleotide sequences as input, and produces the optimal number of clusters along with a relevant visualization. Despite the fact that we did not optimise the computational speed, our method still performs reasonably well in practice. Our focus was mainly on data analytics and accuracy and as a result, our approach outperforms the state of the art, even in the case of divergent sequences. Furthermore, an a priori knowledge on the number of clust…

2016

Neuronal activity has been shown to be essential for the proper formation of neuronal circuits, affecting developmental processes like neurogenesis, migration, programmed cell death, cellular differentiation, formation of local and long-range axonal connections, synaptic plasticity or myelination. Accordingly, neocortical areas reveal distinct spontaneous and sensory-driven neuronal activity patterns already at early phases of development. At embryonic stages, when immature neurons start to develop voltage-dependent channels, spontaneous activity is highly synchronized within small neuronal networks and governed by electrical synaptic transmission. Subsequently, spontaneous activity pattern…

Role of oxidative stress in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

2019

Respiratory distress syndrome is the commonest respiratory disorder in preterm infants. Although it is well known that preterm birth has a key role, the mechanisms of lung injury have not been fully elucidated. The pathogenesis of this neonatal condition is based on the rapid formation of the oxygen reactive species, which surpasses the detoxification capacity of anti-oxidative defense system. The high reactivity of free radical leads to damage to a variety of molecules and may induce respiratory cell death. There is evidence that the oxidative stress involved in the physiopathology of this disease, is particularly related to oxygen supplementation, mechanical ventilation, inflammation/infe…

Alterations in reelin and reelin receptors in Down syndrome.

2019

Reelin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that modulates synaptic function and plasticity, with a crucial role in neuronal migration. Changes in the expression of this protein have been reported in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). This molecule is produced by Cajal-Retzius neurons during development and by inhibitory neurons in the adult nervous system. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) present an early development of AD; therefore, we analyzed the alterations in this molecule and its receptors in the murine model for DS Ts65Dn as well as in human with DS. We performed immunofluorescence analysis for reelin and its receptors very-low-density lipoprotein r…

Binge-like ethanol treatment in adolescence impairs autophagy and hinders synaptic maturation: Role of TLR4.

2018

Abstract Adolescence is a developmental period of brain maturation in which remodeling and changes in synaptic plasticity and neural connectivity take place in some brain regions. A different mechanism participates in adolescent brain maturation, including autophagy processes that play a role in synaptic development and plasticity. Alcohol is a neurotoxic compound whose abuse in adolescence causes TLR4 response activation by triggering neuroinflammation, neural damage and behavioral alterations. However, the potential participation of autophagy in long-term neurochemical and cognitive dysfunctions induced by binge ethanol drinking in adolescence is uncertain. We therefore evaluated whether …

Auxiliary α2δ1 and α2δ3 Subunits of Calcium Channels Drive Excitatory and Inhibitory Neuronal Network Development

2020

VGCCs are multisubunit complexes that play a crucial role in neuronal signaling. Auxiliary α2δ subunits of VGCCs modulate trafficking and biophysical properties of the pore-forming α1 subunit and trigger excitatory synaptogenesis. Alterations in the expression level of α2δ subunits were implicated in several syndromes and diseases, including chronic neuropathic pain, autism, and epilepsy. However, the contribution of distinct α2δ subunits to excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and aberrant network connectivity characteristic for these pathologic conditions remains unclear. Here, we show that α2δ1 overexpression enhances spontaneous neuronal network activity in developing and mature cultures of …