Search results for " PREVENTION"
showing 10 items of 1304 documents
Prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst first-episode psychosis patients and unaffected controls
2013
Background—Despite increasing evidence suggesting that childhood maltreatment is significantly associated with psychosis, the specific role of bullying in the onset of psychotic disorders is still unclear. This study aimed to examine whether bullying was more prevalent amongst individuals presenting to services for the first time with a psychotic disorder than in unaffected community controls. Methods—Data on exposure to bullying, psychotic symptoms, cannabis use and history of conduct disorder were collected cross-sectionally from 222 first-presentation psychosis cases and 215 geographically-matched controls. Bullying victimisation was assessed retrospectively as part of the Brief Life Eve…
Post-disaster mental health and psychosocial support in the areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake: a qualitative study
2019
Background Few studies exploring the actual practices implemented for long-term mental health and psychosocial support after a natural disaster have been published. This study aimed to reveal (1) the types of activities that were actually provided as mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in the long-term phase after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and (2) the problems that must be addressed to provide post-disaster MHPSS activities. Methods An open-ended questionnaire was sent to organizations in the Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures that were potentially involved in providing MHPSS to communities affected by the GEJE. The organizations were asked to describe their act…
Prevalence of surgical site infections before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme
2012
Objectives: In order to assess the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) before and after the implementation of a multimodal infection control programme including the realization of a campaign to increase compliance with guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis, we designed and conducted the present study involving all 20 of the surgical departments of a large teaching hospital in Catania, Italy. Patients and methods: SSI definitions of the Hospital in Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS) protocol were used in four 1 day point-prevalence surveys. After the first survey, an infection control programme was implemented involving the active commitment of surge…
Drinking, smoking, and educational achievement: Cross-lagged associations from adolescence to adulthood
2014
Background Adolescent substance use is associated with lower educational achievement but the directionality of the association remains uncertain. We analyzed data on drinking, smoking and educational achievement to study the associations between substance use and education from early adolescence to young adulthood. Methods Longitudinal data from four time points (ages 12, 14, 17, and 19–27 years) from a population-based cohort study of Finnish twin individuals were used to estimate bivariate cross-lagged path models for substance use and educational achievement, adjusting for sex, parental covariates, and adolescent externalizing behavior. A total of 4761 individuals (49.4% females) were in…
A novel approach to challenging OCD related beliefs using a mobile-app: An exploratory study
2017
Abstract Background and objectives According to cognitive models, obsessive compulsive symptoms result from catastrophic misinterpretations of commonly occurring intrusive experiences and the use of counterproductive strategies to manage them. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) related beliefs such as inflated responsibility, importance of thoughts and perfectionism increases the likelihood of such misinterpretations. Consistent with a growing body of literature supporting the usefulness of mobile delivered technologies in fostering cognitive behavior change, the present study assessed the effectiveness of a novel cognitive training exercise designed to challenge OCD-related beliefs. This …
The long and complex road in the search for treatment for mental disorders: An analysis of the process in five groups of patients
2016
Seeking treatment for mental-health problems is a complex process, with different underlying motives in each stage. However, the entire process and these motives have hardly been investigated. This study aims to analyze the different stages of the help-seeking process and their underlying motives in five groups of patients with different mental disorders. In all, 156 patients seeking treatment in outpatient mental health clinics were individually interviewed: 71 had Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), 21 had Agoraphobia (AGO), 18 had Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), 20 had Anorexia Nervosa (AN), and 22 had Cocaine Dependence (COC). The AGO and MDD patients delayed significantly less time i…
Pre-Emptive Immunotherapy for Clearance of Molecular Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after Transplantation
2016
Abstract Monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) or chimerism may help guide pre-emptive immunotherapy (IT) with a view to preventing relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after transplantation. Patients with ALL who consecutively underwent transplantation in Frankfurt/Main, Germany between January 1, 2005 and July 1, 2014 were included in this retrospective study. Chimerism monitoring was performed in all, and MRD assessment was performed in 58 of 89 patients. IT was guided in 19 of 24 patients with mixed chimerism (MC) and MRD and by MRD only in another 4 patients with complete chimerism (CC). The 3-year probabilities of event-free survival (EFS) were .69 ± .06 for …
Intergenerational Hazardous Alcohol Use and Area Factors: The HUNT Study, Norway
2015
Alcohol use among adolescents has been found to be associated with parental alcohol abuse, but it's relation to more prevalent forms of hazardous drinking patterns among parents has been less explored. Few studies have included area factors when investigating alcohol use across generations.The aims of this study were to investigate whether adolescent intoxication was associated with parental heavy episodic drinking (HED) and intoxication, area-level socioeconomic status (SES), and rates of area-level HED.General Estimation Equations (GEE) was applied to analyze data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (2006-08) including 2,306 adolescents. Adolescent alcohol use was defined by self-reporte…
Children, parents and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Palermo, Italy: prevention is primary.
2010
A study was conducted to describe the characteristics of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection cases occurring in the season 2006—7 in Palermo, Italy, and to evaluate the parents’ knowledge and behaviours concerning prevention and control of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). All children aged between 0 and 2 years, admitted for a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) between October 2006 and May 2007, were enrolled in the study. Data were collected about demographic and household characteristics. Furthermore, their parents were asked to compile a structured questionnaire on transmission, prevention and management of ARIs in children. A total of 198 children with a diagnosis…
Impact of the 2005 and 2010 Spanish smoking laws on hospital admissions for tobacco-related diseases in Valencia, Spain
2020
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the impact of the latest smoke-free legislation on hospital admission rates due to smoking-related diseases in Spain. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate changes in hospital admission rates for cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, and smoking-related cancer in Valencia, Spain, during the period 1995-2013. Law 28/2005 and then law 42/2010 prohibited smoking in bars and restaurants as well as playgrounds and access points to schools and hospitals. METHODS: General population data by age and sex were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics census. Data on hospital admissions were obtained from the Minimum Basic…