Search results for " PREVENTION"

Interpersonal Violence and Women's Psychological Well-Being

2011

The health impact of violence against women by perpetrators other than intimate partners has received little attention. This study aims to analyze the effect of different forms of interpersonal violence on women's health.Adult women (10,815) randomly sampled from primary healthcare services around Spain were included. Women were grouped as follows: (1) no history of violence, (2) history of intimate partner violence only (IPV), (3) history of non-IPV only, and (4) history of both IPV and non-IPV. Lifetime prevalence of violence by IPV, non-IPV, and both was calculated. Adjusted multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of the different forms of violence on women'…

Low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent recurrent venous thromboembolism in pregnancy: Rationale and design of the Highlow study, a randomised trial …

2016

Summary Background Women with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have a 2% to 10% absolute risk of VTE recurrence during subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, current guidelines recommend that all pregnant women with a history of VTE receive pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. The optimal dose of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for thromboprophylaxis is unknown. In the Highlow study (NCT 01828697; www.highlowstudy.org ), we compare a fixed low dose of LMWH with an intermediate dose of LMWH for the prevention of pregnancy-associated recurrent VTE. We present the rationale and design features of this study. Methods The Highlow study is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, internation…

Different strategies for sports injury prevention in an America's Cup yachting crew.

2009

PURPOSE:: To analyze the effectiveness in reducing the number of sport injuries after application of different strategies of preventive physiotherapy during competition periods in an America's Cup yachting crew. METHODS:: A prospective physiotherapy intervention study during competition periods for three seasons was conducted on an America's Cup yachting race crew of 30 professional sailors. In the first two acts (2004), athletes did not receive any preventive physiotherapy. In the two acts celebrated in 2005, preventive intervention (phase 1) consisted of stretching exercises before the yacht race and preventative taping. During the four acts corresponding to the 2006 season, the physiothe…

Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the "Abuse Assessment Screen" among Pregnant Women.

2016

Objective: To assess the reliability, accuracy, and construct validity of the Spanish Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) among pregnant women using the Spanish version of Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) as a reference standard. Design and Sample: Cross-sectional survey. A total of 1,329 pregnant women were selected in nine primary care centers during 2008-2009. Measures: The Spanish ISA was self-administered first, followed by the AAS, administered by the midwife. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the Spanish AAS were compared with the Spanish version of the ISA as a reference standard. Results: Percentage of agreement between initial and retest administration of the Spanish AAS was…

Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Health: Teachings of the PREDIMED Study123

2014

The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study was designed to assess the long-term effects of the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) without any energy restriction on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) as a multicenter, randomized, primary prevention trial in individuals at high risk. Participants were randomly assigned to 3 diet groups: 1) MeDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO); 2) MeDiet supplemented with nuts; and 3) control diet (advice on a low-fat diet). After 4.8 y, 288 major CVD events occurred in 7447 participants; crude hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.91) for the MeDiet + EVOO and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.94) for the MeDiet + nuts compared with the contr…

Survival after Suicidal Transsection of the Left Common Carotid Artery in Octogenarian

2011

Sex differences in genetic and environmental effects on aggression

2003

The aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic and environmental factors influencing teacher and parental rated aggression in boys and girls, asking whether the magnitude of these effects is similar across rater and sex. The study is part of an ongoing nationwide twin-family study of behavioral development and health habits carried out in Finland. The sample consisted of 1651 twin pairs (264 monozygotic male, 300 monozygotic female, 292 dizygotic male, 278 dizygotic female, and 517 dizygotic opposite-sex twin pairs), representing subsets of five 11- to 12-year-old twin cohorts (b. 1983-1987). The data were collected using the teacher and parental rating forms of the Multidimens…

Offensive and defensive aggression in humans: A longitudinal perspective

1987

Offensive and defensive aggression were distinguished on the basis of associated events. Behavior delivering noxious stimuli was defined as defensive when it was a response a threatening situation and as offensive when it was an unprovoked act. The existence of a general aggression factor was implied by the finding that initiators of aggression also readily defend themselves if attacked. The use of a peer nomination and teacher rating variable for offensive aggression, “Attacks without reason, teases others, naughty things”; and another for defensive aggression, “Defends him/herself if teased, but does not tease or attack others without reason,” yielded differential results. Offensive aggre…

Peacemakers: those who would intervene to quell a sports riot

1998

Abstract Male spectators ( N = 129) attending a Finnish ice hockey game were asked to indicate their response to a fight erupting nearby in the stands. Fully 61.1% indicated they would watch, 26.2% would try to stop the fight, 5.6% would leave the area, 4.7% would encourage the fighters and 2.4% would join in. Peacemakers were compared with onlookers and found to be less physically aggressive. However, they were equally angry, impulsive and had equivalent histories of fighting. Compared with a category of troublemakers, peacemakers were less aggressive, angry and impulsive, and were taller.

An aggression machine v. determinants in reactive aggression revisited

2001

The relations between reactive aggression, situational cues, and emotion regulation were examined by means of the Pulkkinen Aggression Machine (PAM) task. In the PAM, provocation and response were systematically varied under two conditions: the impulsive aggression condition and the controlled aggression condition. In the impulsive condition, no information about the attacker was provided, while in the controlled condition the attackers were specified in terms of sex, age, and physical strength. The task was administered to 109 children aged 8 to 13 years. Boys (n = 61) and girls (n = 48), as well as subgroups of Adjusted (n = 67) and Maladjusted (n = 26) children were compared. The results…