Search results for " Parasitology"
showing 10 items of 651 documents
<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">Inocybe castaneicolor (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a n…
2017
Inocybe castaneicolor sp. nov., collected in Sicily (Italy), is introduced with full description, line drawings, and color photographs. Its novelty is supported by both its morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. It is characterized by its castaneous brown pileus with an evident umbo and sloped margin, subfusiform cystidia and smooth subamygdaliformis to subnavicular spores. Comparison of I. castaneicolor with similar species is also provided.
Intestinal helminth fauna of the shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus (Elasmobranchii: Lamnidae) in the northeast Atlantic Ocean.
2017
Large oceanic sharks represent a suitable model to investigate the influence of a host's oceanic conditions on the structure of its helminth communities. In this study, we describe the intestinal helminth fauna, and investigate determinants of infracommunity structure, in 39 specimens of shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus collected in the NE Atlantic. Six cestode species were found in the spiral valve of makos: 3 are typical from lamnid sharks, namely, gravid specimens of Clistobothrium montaukensis, Gymnorhynchus isuri and Ceratobothrium xanthocephalum, and 3 are immature specimens of cestode species common to several elasmobranchs, namely, Dinobothrium septaria, Nybelinia lingualis, and Phyl…
Which non-carbapenem antibiotics are active against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae?
2018
In this study, the activity of 18 non-carbapenem antibiotics was evaluated against 100 extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) and 50 ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-Kp) isolated from urinary tract infections and bacteraemia in 2016. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using reference methods and the susceptibility profiles were defined according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) 2017 recommendations. All of the ESBL-Ec isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam and a great majority of them were susceptible to fosfomycin (98%), piperacillin/tazobactam (97%), amikacin (97%) and nitr…
Anisakis infections in lantern fish (Myctophidae) from the Arabian Sea: A dual role for lantern fish in the life cycle of Anisakis brevispiculata?
2018
Abstract Data on geographic distribution and life cycles of parasitic nematodes of the genus Anisakis in tropical oceanic regions are extremely scarce. Myctophids (lantern fishes) are a key component of mesopelagic trophic webs and could play a significant role in the transmission of Anisakis spp. in these regions. We examined Anisakis infections in a sample of 160 myctophids collected in three localities from the Indian Exclusive Economic Zone (Arabian Sea) in 2015–16. Due to the poor condition of fish, a combination of morphological data and molecular barcoding was used to identify myctophids. Of the 104 specimens that could be identified at least to genus level, 75 (72.1%) were assigned …
Trends of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 and its H30 subclone in a French hospital over a 15-year period.
2016
International audience; Sequence type 131 (ST131) is a predominant lineage among extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. It plays a major role in the worldwide dissemination of E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Here we describe the long-term epidemiology of this clonal group in a French university hospital, where the incidence of ESBL-producing E. coli has increased from 0.018 case per 1000 patient-days in the year 2000 to 0.50 case per 1000 patient-days in 2014. The first of the 141 ST131 isolates was recovered in 2006, and the ST131 clonal group accounted for 18.1% of total ESBL-producing E. coli over the whole period (2000-2014). Subclonal typing showed that …
In vitro antileishmanial activity of trans-stilbene and terphenyl compounds
2016
Leishmaniasis are globally widespread parasitic diseases which often leads to death if left untreated. Currently available drugs present different drawbacks, so there is an urgent need to develop new, safe and cost-effective drugs against leishmaniasis. In this study we tested a small library of trans-stilbene and terphenyl derivatives against promastigote, amastigotes and intramacrophage amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum. Two compounds of the series, the trans-stilbene 3 and the terphenyl 11, presented the best activity and safety profiles. Terphenyl 11 showed a leshmanicidal activity higher than pentostam and the ability to induce apoptosis selectively in Leishmania infantum while s…
High food quality increases infection of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda) by the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis.
2019
13 pages; International audience; Parasitism is an important process in ecosystems, but has been largely neglected in ecosystem research. However, parasites are involved in most trophic links in food webs with, in turn, a major role in community structure and ecosystem processes. Several studies have shown that higher nutrient availability in ecosystems tends to increase the prevalence of parasites. Yet, most of these studies focused on resource availability, whereas studies investigating resource quality remain scarce. In this study, we tested the impact of the quality of host food resources on infection by parasites, as well as on the consequences for the host. Three resources were used t…
Significance of chronic toxoplasmosis in epidemiology of road traffic accidents in Russian Federation
2017
Studies carried out in Moscow residents have revealed that the prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis is very close to those in countries of Eastern and Central Europe. Our findings also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the rate of traffic accidents and the seroprevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in drivers who were held responsible for accidents. The latter was 2.37 times higher in drivers who were involved in road accidents compared with control groups. These results suggest that the consequences of chronic toxoplasmosis (particularly a slower reaction time and decreased concentration) might contribute to the peculiarities of the epidemiology of road traffic acci…
Morphology, performance and attachment function in Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala)
2018
Background: Functional inference on the attachment of acanthocephalans has generally been drawn directly from morphology. However, performance of structures is often non-intuitive and context-dependent, thus performance analysis should be included whenever possible to improve functional interpretation. In acanthocephalans, performance analysis of attachment is available only for Acanthocephalus ranae, a species that solely relies on the proboscis to attach. Here we compare body morphology and muscle arrangement in 13 species of Corynosoma, which use their spiny body as a fundamental holdfast. A basic performance analysis using live cystacanths of two representative species is also provided.…
Impact of fascioliasis reinfection on Fasciola hepatica egg shedding: relationship with the immune-regulatory response.
2019
Abstract Fascioliasis is a disease caused by liver flukes. In human fascioliasis hyperendemic areas, reinfection and chronicity are the norm. Control strategies in humans require the use of egg count techniques to calculate the appropriate treatment dose for colic risk prevention. The present study investigates how fascioliasis reinfection affects liver fluke egg shedding and its relationship with the immune-regulatory response. The experimental design reproduced the usual reinfection/chronicity conditions in human fascioliasis endemic areas and included Fasciola hepatica primo-infected Wistar rats (PI) and rats reinfected at 4 weeks (R4), 8 weeks (R8), 12 weeks (R12), and negative control …