Search results for " Pesticides"
showing 10 items of 44 documents
Assessment of the efficacy of Artemia sp (Crustacea) cysts chorion as barrier to chlorpyrifos (organophosphorus pesticide) exposure. Effect on hatchi…
2005
In order to reveal the efficacy of the Artemia cysts chorion as barrier to the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos, whole and decapsulated cysts have been exposed to 10 mg L(-1) chlorpyrifos in sea water during hydration and hatching phase, separately. The concentration of chlorpyrifos in capsulated and decapsulated cysts after exposure has been determined in order to elucidate the efficacy of chorion as protection to the embryo. The results obtained demonstrate the ability of the cysts chorion to obstruct the pass of chlorpyrifos molecules through this protection structure. Thus, the concentration of chlorpyrifos in exposed decapsulated cysts is higher than in exposed whole cysts. More…
Fenitrothion uptake and bioconcentration in the European eel(Anguilla anguilla)
1994
Eels (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to 0.02 mg/L of the organophosphorus pesticide fenitrothion during 144 hours in semi‐static conditions. BCF, intBCF, uptake rate constants (Ku) and elimination rate constants (Kd) of fenitrothion were determined in brain, gills, blood and muscle tissues of the eel. A simple one‐compartment model fitted the uptake and elimination characteristics. Plateau were reached at different times in the different tissues: at 24 hr in gills, 72 hr in brain and blood and 120 hr in muscle tissue. BCF were ranged from 117 for blood to 658 for muscle. Muscle tissue showed the highest BCF, intBCF, Ku and the lowest Kd .
Brominated flame retardants and organochlorines in the European environment using great tit eggs as a biomonitoring tool
2009
Large-scale studies are essential to assess the emission patterns and spatial distribution of organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) in the environment. Bird eggs have several advantages compared to other environmental media which have previously been used to map the distribution of OHPs. In this study, large-scale geographical variation in the occurrence of OHPs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), was investigated throughout Europe using eggs of a terrestrial residential passerine species, the great tit (Parus major). Great tit eggs from 22 sampling sites, involving urban, rural and remote areas, in 14 Europea…
Assessing human health risks from pesticide use in conventional and innovative cropping systems with the BROWSE model
2017
Background: Reducing the risks and impacts of pesticide use on human health and on the environment is one of the objectives of the European Commission Directive 2009/128/EC in the quest for a sustainable use of pesticides. This Directive, developed through European national plans such as Ecophyto plan in France, promotes the introduction of innovative cropping systems relying, for example, on integrated pest management. Risk assessment for human health of the overall pesticide use in these innovative systems is required before the introduction of those systems to avoid that an innovation becomes a new problem. Objectives: The objectives of this work were to assess and to compare (1) the hum…
Review: Applications of HPLC–MS for food analysis
2012
HPLC–MS applications in the agrifood sector are among the fastest developing fields in science and industry. The present tutorial mini-review briefly describes this analytical methodology: HPLC, UHPLC, nano-HPLC on one hand, mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on the other hand. Analytical results are grouped together based on the type of chemicals analyzed (lipids, carbohydrates, glycoproteins, vitamins, flavonoids, mycotoxins, pesticides, allergens and food additives). Results are also shown for various types of food (ham, cheese, milk, cereals, olive oil and wines). Although it is not an exhaustive list, it illustrates the main current directions of applications. …
A systematic review of neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and postnatal organophosphate pesticide exposure
2014
Agricultural and residential use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has increased in recent decades after banning some persistent pesticides. Although there is evidence of the effects of OPs on neurodevelopment and behaviour in adults, limited information is available about their effects in children, who might be more vulnerable to neurotoxic compounds. This paper was aimed at analysing the scientific evidence published to date on potential neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to OPs. A systematic review was undertaken to identify original articles published up to December 2012 evaluating prenatal or postnatal exposure to OPs in children and effects …
Air concentrations of PCBs and OC pesticides using PUF-disks passive air samplers in Sicily Island, Mediterranean Region
2009
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous on the planet. Because their physicochemical properties they are persistent and toxic and may become highly accumulated in the food chain. The Stockholm Convention on POPs which is coordinated through the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) is intended to reduce or eliminate the use, discharges and emissions of these compounds to improve the health of the environment. To assist member countries in assessing the “effectiveness” of their reduction efforts, UNEP Chemicals published a guidance document for the global monitoring of POPs. Of the media that are recommended for monitoring, the atmosphere is especially important because it re…
Persistent and Emerging Organic Pollutants in the Marine Coastal Environment of the Gulf of Milazzo (Southern Italy): Human Health Risk Assessment
2020
The Gulf of Milazzo (north-eastern Sicily) has been recognized as Italian Site of National Interest (SNI; areas characterized by high level of contamination with potential effects on human health) in 2005 because of its high level of pollution. In this study we measured the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polyBrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) in seawater and sediments sampled from the Gulf of Milazzo in order to assess (i) the environmental status of contamination, and (ii) cancer and non-cancer human health risk potentially due to dermal absorption from contaminated seawater and/or ingestion of contaminated fish. Particularly, …
Degradation and acute toxicity of Methidathion and Trichlorfon onProcambarus clarkii,in experimental conditions
1991
Routine applications of organophosphate pesticides may adversely affect many nontarget organisms. Static toxicities in mature crayfish Procambarus clarkii were determined, in laboratory, for two organophosphate insecticides using 24, 48, 72 and 96‐h static tests. Three groups of 10 crayfish were exposed to 0.75 to 6 ppm for Trichlorfon and 0.2 to 0.9 ppm for Methidathion. The 24 to 96‐h LC50 values for Trichlorfon and Methidathion were from 5.14–0.99 ppm and 0.73–0.28 ppm respectively. Studies of degradation of Methidathion and Trichlorfon have been made using 1 ppm for Methidathion and 0.1 ppm for Trichlorfon. Both insecticides were degradated gradually until 96‐h. Results show that Methid…
Vers des systèmes viticoles économes en pesticides
2022
L’utilisation de produits phytosanitaires (cuivre, soufre et produits de synthèses) est à ce jour le moyen de lutte le plus efficace pour garantir une vendange qualitative et quantitative (Pujol, 2017). Face aux préoccupations sociétales croissantes concernant l’impact des pesticides sur l’environnement et la santé, la viticulture se doit pourtant de réduire sa dépendance aux produits phytosanitaires. Une transition agroécologique est ainsi nécessaire et implique de changer les pratiques afin de parvenir à diminuer l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires. Le réseau DEPHY-Ferme a été créé en 2010 afin d’initier et stimuler cette transition agroécologique et répondre aux enjeux ambitieux i…