Search results for " Phylogeny"
showing 10 items of 116 documents
Molecular evolution in yeast of biotechnological interest
2003
The importance of yeast in the food and beverage industries was only realized about 1860, when the role of these organisms in food manufacture became evident. Since they grow on a wide range of substrates and can tolerate extreme physicochemical conditions, yeasts, especially the genera Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces, have been applied to many industrial processes, Industrial strains of these genera are highly specialized organisms that have evolved to utilize a range of environments and ecological niches to their full potential. This adaptation is called "domestication". This review describes the phylogenetic relationships among Saccharomyces and Kluyveromyces species and the different me…
OnMLM: An Online Formulation for the Minimal Learning Machine
2019
Minimal Learning Machine (MLM) is a nonlinear learning algorithm designed to work on both classification and regression tasks. In its original formulation, MLM builds a linear mapping between distance matrices in the input and output spaces using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) algorithm. Although the OLS algorithm is a very efficient choice, when it comes to applications in big data and streams of data, online learning is more scalable and thus applicable. In that regard, our objective of this work is to propose an online version of the MLM. The Online Minimal Learning Machine (OnMLM), a new MLM-based formulation capable of online and incremental learning. The achievements of OnMLM in our…
Ribosomal DNA 18S-28S sequence Probe Mapping on Primate Genome: evolutionary insights
2017
Whole mitochondrial genomes unveil the impact of domestication on goat matrilineal variability
2015
Background The current extensive use of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is the result of its medium size and high adaptability as multiple breeds. The extent to which its genetic variability was influenced by early domestication practices is largely unknown. A common standard by which to analyze maternally-inherited variability of livestock species is through complete sequencing of the entire mitogenome (mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA). Results We present the first extensive survey of goat mitogenomic variability based on 84 complete sequences selected from an initial collection of 758 samples that represent 60 different breeds of C. hircus, as well as its wild sister species, bezoar (Capra aega…
Better the devil you know? Guidelines for insightful utilization of nrDNA ITS in species-level evolutionary studies in plants.
2006
The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal 18S–5.8S–26S cistron continue to be the most popular non-plastid region for species-level phylogenetic studies of plant groups despite the early warnings about their potential Xaws, which may ultimately result in incorrect assumptions of orthology. It has been gradually realized that the alternative target regions in the nuclear genome (lowcopy nuclear genes, LCNG) are burdened with similar problems. The consequence is that, to date, developing useful LCNG for nonmodel organisms requires an investment in time and eVort that hinders its use as a real practical alternative for many labs. It is here argued that ITS sequences, desp…
Prima filogenesi del genere Nyctereutes (Canidae, Carnivora): conferme e implicazioni
2019
Il cane procione, Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834), è un canide di piccola taglia originario dell’Asia orientale e Giappone, diffusosi anche in Europa centro-orientale in seguito a introduzioni. La tassonomia di questo canide e le sue affinità filogenetiche rispetto ad altri membri della stessa famiglia sono state una fonte di dibattito scientifico. Ad esempio, recenti analisi cromosomiche suggeriscono la possibilità di separare le popolazioni del Giappone da quelle del continente in una specie diversa, N. viverrinus. Inoltre, sebbene filogenesi morfologiche basate su campioni attuali indicavano possibili relazioni tra Nyctereutes ed alcuni canidi sudamericani, p.e. Cerdocyon Hamilton-…
A PHYLOGENY OF THE GENUS NYCTEREUTES TEMMINCK, 1838 (MAMMALIA: CARNIVORA: CANIDAE), INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES FROM ÇALTA (TURKEY)
2019
The phylogenetic relationships of the raccoon-dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides, were matter of debate in the last decades. Morphological phylogenies recognized some affinities between Nyctereutes and some South American canids, e.g. Cerdocyon, whereas more recent molecular studies support the inclusion of the raccoon-dog in the tribe Vulpini together with the genera Vulpes and Otocyon. The present study reports the first most-parsimonious analysis on extant and fossil species of Nyctereutes using a dataset of 115 ad hoc selected cranial, dentognatic, cerebral and postcranial characters, analyzed through the freeware software TNT v. 1.5. The resulting strict consensus tree (tested with bootstra…
Phylogeny and morphology of Hirsutella tunicata sp. nov. (Ophiocordycipitaceae), a novel mite parasite from Peru
2013
Abstract A new species of Hirsutella was isolated from unidentified mites on Petri plates inoculated with soil and root fragments collected from asparagus rhizosphere at Viru, Northern Peru. The fungus differs from other Hirsutella species by an envelope surrounding the conidium, conidia dimension and DNA sequences. In PDA cultures, the mycelium produced aerial hyphae with conidiogenous cells mainly at right angles, occasionally showing a secondary conidiophore. The solitary conidia are cymbiform, slightly apiculate, 5.0–6.0 × 3.0–4.0 μm. Phylogenetic analyses with partial rRNA and β-tubulin gene sequences confirmed the fungus as an Hirsutella (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Closest species shown b…
Phylogenomics of species from four genera of New World monkeys by flow sorting and reciprocal chromosome painting
2007
Abstract Background The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) are difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphology and because diagnostic fossils are rare. Recently, molecular data have led to a radical revision of the traditional taxonomy and phylogeny of these primates. Here we examine new hypotheses of platyrrhine evolutionary relationships by reciprocal chromosome painting after chromosome flow sorting of species belonging to four genera of platyrrhines included in the Cebidae family: Callithrix argentata (silvered-marmoset), Cebuella pygmaea (pygmy marmoset), Callimico goeldii (Goeldi's marmoset) and Saimiri sciureus (squirrel monkey). This is t…
FIRST MOLECULAR DATA ON DELASTRIA ROSEA, FISCHERULA MACROSPORA AND HYDNOCYSTIS PILIGERA
2011
Several samples of Delastria rosea, Fischerula macrospora and Hydnocystis piligera from the Mediterranean basin are studied, and the first molecular data of these species are reported. A colour plate showing the external morphology of their ascomata is also included.